Mechanism of Filtration Behaviors of Cement-Based Grout in Saturated Sand under Different Grouting Conditions

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Sand</td><td class="align_center">Porosity (%)</td><td class="align_center">Specific surface (m<sup>-1</sup>)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.689pt" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.40067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.3333 12.689" width="24.3333pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M452 333C452 398 425 448 375 448C329 448 235 404 140 292H138L229 683C233 701 234 712 225 712C208 712 149 686 66 677L64 652H97C135 652 140 651 129 598L38 167C23 96 29 57 44 33C60 7 98 -12 132 -12C169 -12 232 3 290 41C383 102 452 223 452 333ZM365 316C365 199 308 87 239 49C221 39 200 35 183 35C137 35 99 70 112 163C116 191 123 215 129 233C190 316 290 392 330 392C348 392 365 372 365 316Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.992,3.132)"><path d="M771 650H519L511 619L537 615C578 610 579 600 539 564C444 476 379 428 336 396C312 378 281 357 252 347L283 514C300 605 304 610 388 619L395 650H134L127 619C212 610 216 605 199 514L130 140C112 41 103 38 28 31L18 0H281L288 31C201 40 198 41 216 140L246 311C274 328 289 324 315 284C393 167 458 86 528 0H686L695 31C635 37 612 45 570 97C521 156 420 285 361 367L596 549C663 601 684 609 764 620L771 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.928,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.488,3.132)"><path d="M690 629C653 643 577 667 483 667C225 667 24 528 24 292C24 92 174 -17 367 -17C448 -17 534 1 570 10C592 34 642 131 658 174C648 180 639 186 629 192C562 89 499 21 382 21C223 21 130 138 130 298C130 467 255 627 462 627C582 627 643 589 650 462L686 466C689 517 688 580 690 629Z"></path></g></svg> (<i>μ</i>m)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 46.281ptpx;"><svg height="12.689pt" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.40067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 46.281 12.689" width="46.281pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M452 333C452 398 425 448 375 448C329 448 235 404 140 292H138L229 683C233 701 234 712 225 712C208 712 149 686 66 677L64 652H97C135 652 140 651 129 598L38 167C23 96 29 57 44 33C60 7 98 -12 132 -12C169 -12 232 3 290 41C383 102 452 223 452 333ZM365 316C365 199 308 87 239 49C221 39 200 35 183 35C137 35 99 70 112 163C116 191 123 215 129 233C190 316 290 392 330 392C348 392 365 372 365 316Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.992,3.132)"><path d="M771 650H519L511 619L537 615C578 610 579 600 539 564C444 476 379 428 336 396C312 378 281 357 252 347L283 514C300 605 304 610 388 619L395 650H134L127 619C212 610 216 605 199 514L130 140C112 41 103 38 28 31L18 0H281L288 31C201 40 198 41 216 140L246 311C274 328 289 324 315 284C393 167 458 86 528 0H686L695 31C635 37 612 45 570 97C521 156 420 285 361 367L596 549C663 601 684 609 764 620L771 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.928,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.488,3.132)"><path d="M690 629C653 643 577 667 483 667C225 667 24 528 24 292C24 92 174 -17 367 -17C448 -17 534 1 570 10C592 34 642 131 658 174C648 180 639 186 629 192C562 89 499 21 382 21C223 21 130 138 130 298C130 467 255 627 462 627C582 627 643 589 650 462L686 466C689 517 688 580 690 629Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.215,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.576,0)"><path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,36.726,3.132)"><path d="M247 635C116 635 39 518 39 421C39 315 113 237 221 237C239 237 258 241 281 253L349 289C315 140 204 42 60 19L66 -15C90 -15 153 -5 207 16C344 70 447 199 447 385C447 521 373 635 247 635ZM231 598C329 598 356 478 356 390C356 371 355 347 352 325C330 309 297 297 262 297C179 297 127 369 127 456C127 515 156 598 231 598Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,41.159,3.132)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Coarse</td><td class="align_center">30.3</td><td class="align_center">5538</td><td class="align_center">122</td><td class="align_center">3.0</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Medium</td><td class="align_center">35.1</td><td class="align_center">8529</td><td class="align_center">98</td><td class="align_center">2.4</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Fine</td><td class="align_center">39.2</td><td class="align_center">15080</td><td class="align_center">66</td><td class="align_center">1.6</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Measured porosity for the different sands and specific surfaces determined from the grain distribution curves.</div>

Geofluids

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Mechanism of Filtration Behaviors of Cement-Based Grout in Saturated Sand under Different Grouting Conditions 