Active and Passive Earth Pressure Calculation Method for Double-Row Piles considering the Nonlinear Pile Deformation

Table 1

The parameter of strata.

Stratum	Dry weight ()	Cohesion (kPa)	Internal friction angle ()	Elastic modulus ()	Poisson’s ratio	Stratum thickness (m)
Miscellaneous fill	16.5	0	13	10	0.34	2.4
Silt	19.7	21	17	21	0.36	5.6
Silty fine sand	20.8	0	38	30	0.29	4.0
Granular pebbles	21.5	0	40	70	0.28	4.0
Silty clay	19.8	29	25	40	0.35	8.0
Sandy pebble	21.5	0	45	100	0.26	16