Experimental and Numerical Studies of Supercritical Water Flooding for Offshore Heavy Oil Recovery

Table 2

Summary of the heavy oil upgrading kinetic parameters.

Proposed by	Oil sample	Activation energy/(kJ mol^-1)	Frequency factor/min^-1	Reference
Boytsova et al.	Yarega heavy oil asphaltenes	189.60		[19]
Sim et al.	Boscan extra-heavy oil	272.30		[20]
Tan et al.	Sinopec Shanghai vacuum residue	264.00		[21]
Zhang et al.	Yan Chang oil field heavy oil	264.50		[22]
Haghighat et al.	Athabasca asphaltenes	234.34		[23]