Analysis of Surface Deformation and Settlement Characteristics Caused by Tunnel Excavation and Unloading

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/5383257/figures/5383257.fig.0019a.svgz" name="5383257.fig.0019a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Vertical displacement</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/5383257/figures/5383257.fig.0019b.svgz" name="5383257.fig.0019b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Horizontal displacement</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/5383257/figures/5383257.fig.0019c.svgz" name="5383257.fig.0019c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Total displacement</td></tr></table>

<div>Initial horizontal displacement nephogram.</div>

Geofluids

fig19

Figure 19

Figure 19: Analysis of Surface Deformation and Settlement Characteristics Caused by Tunnel Excavation and Unloading 