Roof-Breaking Characteristics and Ground Pressure Behavior in Deep Jurassic Coal Seams: A Thick-Plate Model and Field Measurements

<div>Distribution characteristics of stress <svg height="11.6726pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-5.52901pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.14359 12.7448 11.6726" width="12.7448pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.76,3.132)"><path d="M563 395C563 428 543 451 519 451C500 451 480 438 472 423C468 415 465 403 470 394C477 381 482 368 482 347C482 272 386 136 342 74H340C334 163 323 257 312 337C302 410 290 451 257 451C214 451 160 385 127 338L145 310C169 341 203 373 209 373C219 373 225 369 232 325C249 215 269 62 271 -15C220 -80 135 -165 18 -231L26 -257L142 -230C254 -105 279 -74 342 13C394 85 484 211 526 286C553 334 563 365 563 395Z"></path></g></svg> upon the first breaking of the main roof: (a) three-dimensional distribution of the stress <svg height="11.6726pt" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-5.52901pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.14359 12.7448 11.6726" width="12.7448pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.76,3.132)"><path d="M563 395C563 428 543 451 519 451C500 451 480 438 472 423C468 415 465 403 470 394C477 381 482 368 482 347C482 272 386 136 342 74H340C334 163 323 257 312 337C302 410 290 451 257 451C214 451 160 385 127 338L145 310C169 341 203 373 209 373C219 373 225 369 232 325C249 215 269 62 271 -15C220 -80 135 -165 18 -231L26 -257L142 -230C254 -105 279 -74 342 13C394 85 484 211 526 286C553 334 563 365 563 395Z"></path></g></svg> and (b) planar distribution of the stress <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.6726pt" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-5.52901pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.14359 12.7448 11.6726" width="12.7448pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.76,3.132)"><path d="M563 395C563 428 543 451 519 451C500 451 480 438 472 423C468 415 465 403 470 394C477 381 482 368 482 347C482 272 386 136 342 74H340C334 163 323 257 312 337C302 410 290 451 257 451C214 451 160 385 127 338L145 310C169 341 203 373 209 373C219 373 225 369 232 325C249 215 269 62 271 -15C220 -80 135 -165 18 -231L26 -257L142 -230C254 -105 279 -74 342 13C394 85 484 211 526 286C553 334 563 365 563 395Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Geofluids

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Roof-Breaking Characteristics and Ground Pressure Behavior in Deep Jurassic Coal Seams: A Thick-Plate Model and Field Measurements 