A Nonlinear Strength Criterion of Frozen Saline Sandy Soil at High Pressures

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/8661906/figures/8661906.fig.005a.svgz" name="8661906.fig.005a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Influence of parameter <svg height="9.25202pt" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 9.23472 9.25202" width="9.23472pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M383 397C383 424 344 448 299 448C244 448 172 409 132 375C66 319 23 227 23 146C23 42 74 -12 146 -12C208 -12 298 30 359 103L343 124C315 95 248 48 192 48C145 48 111 85 111 163C111 228 129 294 151 330C171 363 201 401 241 401C275 401 302 384 325 356C332 347 339 344 348 348C373 360 383 381 383 397Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.173,3.132)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/8661906/figures/8661906.fig.005b.svgz" name="8661906.fig.005b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Influence of parameter <svg height="9.39034pt" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.3142 9.39034" width="12.3142pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M559 271C559 395 493 448 433 448C370 448 304 394 275 297C259 245 235 121 219 37C157 54 113 110 113 201C113 310 180 386 276 429L265 457C131 410 23 326 23 186C23 83 86 5 211 -10C180 -159 167 -220 158 -252L165 -261C198 -255 236 -246 251 -218L287 -5C421 9 559 119 559 271ZM484 273C484 144 400 40 293 33L352 331C364 389 382 406 405 406C431 406 484 370 484 273Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.241,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/8661906/figures/8661906.fig.005c.svgz" name="8661906.fig.005c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Influence of parameter <svg height="9.39034pt" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.3142 9.39034" width="12.3142pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M559 271C559 395 493 448 433 448C370 448 304 394 275 297C259 245 235 121 219 37C157 54 113 110 113 201C113 310 180 386 276 429L265 457C131 410 23 326 23 186C23 83 86 5 211 -10C180 -159 167 -220 158 -252L165 -261C198 -255 236 -246 251 -218L287 -5C421 9 559 119 559 271ZM484 273C484 144 400 40 293 33L352 331C364 389 382 406 405 406C431 406 484 370 484 273Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.241,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/8661906/figures/8661906.fig.005d.svgz" name="8661906.fig.005d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>Influence of parameter <svg height="10.2124pt" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 15.2619 10.2124" 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<div>Effect of model parameter on failure strength envelope for frozen saline sample.</div>

Geofluids

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: A Nonlinear Strength Criterion of Frozen Saline Sandy Soil at High Pressures 