Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Thermal Insulating Materials Used in Cold Regions Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 1

Test methods and requirements for the CFT test on TIMs in related specifications.

Specifications/standards	Specimen size (cm) ()	NS	FT, TT (°C)	FD, TD (hour)	CFT procedure	NFT
ISO 20394-2007 [34]	or	Determined by following test	,	1, 1	(1) Freezing in cold chamber; (2) immerse in water tank	300
GB/T 33011—2016; (ISO 16546: 2012, IDT) [35]	or	Determined by following tests	,	1, 1	(1) Freezing in cold chamber; (2) immerse in water tank	300
GB/T 29906—2013 [36]	or	3	, room temperature	16, 8	(1) Soak in water tank with water proof; (2) freezing in cold chamber	30
GB/T 30595—2014 [37]	or	3	, room temperature	16, 8	(1) Soak in water tank with waterproof; (2) freezing in cold chamber	30
JGJ 144-2019 [38]		3	, room temperature	16, 8	(1) Soak in water tank with waterproof; (2) freezing in cold chamber	30
GB/T 50082—2009 [32]		3~5	−20~−18, 18~20	2~4	(1) Freezing in cold chamber; (2) soak in water tank	25
ASTM C666/C666M [33]	—	—	,	2~5, 2~5	Rapid freezing and thawing in water or rapid freezing in air and thawing in water	36

NS: number of specimens; FT: freezing temperature; FD: freezing duration; TT: thawing temperature; TD: thawing duration; NFT: number of freeze-thaw cycles.