Numerical Simulation of Flood Control Levee Deformation by Shield Tunnel Excavation through the Liuyang River: A Case Study

Table 1

Properties of the stratum.

Name of stratum	Composition	Distribution location	Average thickness
Plain fill <1-1>	Clay	Horizontal distribution of partially exposed surface	3.50 m
Miscellaneous fill <1-2>	Sandy gravel, concrete blocks, and other types of construction waste	Horizontal distribution of surface exposure	2.76 m
Silty clay <1-6>	Viscous silt	Below Liuyang River embankment	3.33 m
Silt <1-7>	Silty fine sand	Discontinuously distributed on the west side of the Liuyang River	2.82 m
Silty fine sand <1-8>	Fine sand and silt	Discontinuously distributed on the west side of the Liuyang River	1.50 m
Rounded gravel <1-11>	Siliceous rock and quartz	Liuyang Riverbed	3.16 m
Silty clay <2-1>	Clay and powder	Distributed on the east side of the Liuyang River	3.44 m
Rounded gravel <2-6>	Silicate, medium sand, and coarse sand	Horizontal distribution in the east of the Liuyang River	3.72 m
Highly weathered argillaceous siltstone <7-2>	Muddy siltstone	Mainly distributed under flood control levees and riverbeds	8.71 m