Cost-Effectiveness of Rifaximin-α versus Lactulose for the Treatment of Recurrent Episodes of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Cost-effectiveness of rifaximin-α plus lactulose compared with lactulose monotherapy.

Study	LOT	Time horizon	Country	ICER	WTP per QALY reported across studies	Sensitivity analysis results	GDP per capita (US$, 2019)
Kabeshova et al., [15]	Second	2 years	France	€19,187.00	€27,000.00	€13,507.00 (95% Cl €8887.00-21,733.00)	40,493.30
Kabeshova et al., [15]	Second	5 years	France	€18,517.00	€27,000.00	€13,507.00 (95% CI €8887.00-21,733.00)	40,493.30
Congly et al., [25]	First	5 years	United States	$94,680.00	NR	NR	65,297.52
Jesudian et al., [14]	Second	Lifetime	United States	$29,161.00	$50,000.00	NR	65,297.52
Berni et al., [13]	Second	2 years	United Kingdom	−£15,916.00	£30,000.00	−£17,014.00-17,168.00	42,330.12
Berni et al., [13]	Second	5 years	United Kingdom	−£1087.00	£30,000.00	−£17,014.00-17,168.00	42,330.12
Berni et al., [13]	Second	10 years	United Kingdom	£4470.00	£30,000.00	−£17,014.00-17,168.00	42,330.12
Berni et al., [13]	Second	Lifetime	United Kingdom	£7215.00	£30,000.00	−£17,014.00-17,168.00	42,330.12
Whitehouse et al., [32]	Second	5 years	Netherlands	€9576.00	NR	NR	52,331.32
Poole et al., [29]	Second	5 years	Sweden	€17,916.36	NR	NR	51,615.02
Poole et al., [29]	Second	Lifetime	Sweden	€639.00	NR	NR	51,615.02
Berni et al., [23]	Second	5 years	Belgium	€28,467.86	NR	NR	46,420.66

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; GDP: gross domestic product; ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; LOT: line of therapy; NR: not reported; QALY: quality-adjusted life-year; WTP: willingness-to-pay.