Cost-Effectiveness of Rifaximin-α versus Lactulose for the Treatment of Recurrent Episodes of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis

Table 4

Cost-effectiveness of rifaximin-α salvage compared with lactulose monotherapy.

Study	LOT	Time horizon	Country	ICER	WTP per QALY reported across studies	GDP per capita (US$, 2019)	Sensitivity analysis results
Congly et al., [25]	Second	5 years	United States	US$38,833.00	NR	65,297.52	1-way
Huang et al., [26]	Second	Lifetime	United States	US$2315.00	US$20,000.00	65,297.52	1-way
Rivas et al., [31]	First	14 days	Mexico	NR	NR	9946.03	NR
Cardona et al., [24]	First	10 days	Mexico	US$19.52 (cost-effective based on signs and symptoms)	NR	9946.03	19.50-136.70 (CER variation with varying effectiveness)
Poole et al., [30]	First	5 years	United Kingdom	£20,852.00	NR	42,330.12	£13,919.00-21,425.00
Poole et al., [30]	First	10 years	United Kingdom	£19,122.00	NR	42,330.12	NR
Huang et al., [26]	First	Lifetime	United States	US$26,720.00 (not cost-effective)	US$20,000.00	65,297.52	NR

Abbreviations: CER: comparative effective research; GDP: gross domestic product; ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; LOT: line of therapy; NR: not reported; QALY: quality-adjusted life-year; WTP: willingness-to-pay; US$: United States dollar.