Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Patients Have Increased Inflammatory Markers Compared to Adult Patients prior to Biological Treatment
Table 1
Description of the paediatric (p) and adult (a) IBD populations at baseline.
pCD
pUC
aCD
aUC
Demographics
Patient ()
47 (30.7%)
23 (15%)
60 (39.2%)
23 (15%)
Sex ()
Male
31 (66%)
10 (43.5%)
30 (50%)
11 (47.6%)
Female
16 (34%)
13 (56.5%)
30 (50%)
12 (52.6%)
Median age (IQR)
13 (12-15)
14 (11-15)
29 (23-42)
27 (23-38)
Disease activity scores ()
Remission Mild Moderate Severe NA
8 (17%) 13 (27.7%) 9 (19.1%) 12 (25.5%) 5 (10.6%)
3 (13%) 4 (17.4%) 12 (52.2%) 3 (13%) 1 (4.3%)
9 (15) 21 (35%) 29 (48.3%) 1 (1.6%) -
2 (8.7%) 12 (52.2%) 7 (30.4%) 1 (4.3%) 1 (4.3%)
Duration of disease ()
<5 years 5-9 years >10 years
45 (95.7%) 2 (4.3%) 0
23 (100%) 0 0
27 (45%) 18 (30%) 15 (25%)
10 (43.5%) 3 (13%) 10 (43.5%)
Inflammatory markers (mean (95% CI))
Albumin (g/L)
31.9 (30.4-33.3)
33.8 (30.7-37.0)
36.8 (35.4-38.1)
38.7 (37.2-40.2)
Calprotectin (mg/kg)
1677 (1346-2008)
1653 (1232-2074)
838 (584-1091)
1308 (842-1774)
Haemoglobin (mmol/L)
7.8 (7.5-8.1)
7.7 (7.0-8.3)
8.3 (8.0-8.6)
8.3 (8.0-8.6)
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
23 (15-30)
8 (4-12)
12 (9-16)
6 (1-10)
25-Hydroxyvitamin-D (nmol/L)
57.3 (49.8-64.8)
60.3 (45.4-75.2)
76.7 (61.4-91.9)
75.6 (64.1-87.2)
Biological treatment at baseline ()
Infliximab
43 (91.5%)
15 (65.2%)
45 (75%)
22 (95.7%)
Adalimumab
2 (4.3%)
3 (13%)
13 (21.6%)
1(4.3%)
Vedolizumab
2 (4.3%)
5 (21.8)
—
—
Certolizumab pegol
—
—
2 (3.3%)
—
Additional treatment at baseline ()
Mesalazine
—
13 (57%)
3 (5%)
16 (70%)
Corticosteroids
11 (23.4%)
9 (39.1%)
8 (13.3%)
9 (15%)
Azathioprine
32 (68.1%)
14 (61%)
27 (45%)
8 (13.3%)
Methotrexate
2 (4.3%)
—
—
—
Cyclosporine
—
—
1 (2%)
—
No additional treatment
10 (21.3%)
5 (22%)
24 (40%)
3 (5%)
Disease activity was scored by the Abbreviated Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (abbrPCDAI) in pCD, the Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) in pUC, the Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) in aCD, and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in aUC. Disease activity scores are applicable to baseline. Not all records contained disease activity scores at baseline. Albumin reference levels: years: 39-50 g/L; adults: 36-48 g/L. Faecal calprotectin reference level: mg/kg. Haemoglobin reference levels: years: 7.0–10.6 mmol/L; adults: 7.3–10.5 mmol/L. C-reactive protein reference level: <10 mg/L. 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D reference level: 50 nmol/L to 160 nmol/L. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: ulcerative colitis; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; : number; NA: not applicable.
