The Relationship between H. pylori Infection and Osteoporosis in Japan

Table 1

Clinical characteristics (𝑛=200).

	Male	Female	𝑃 value	Total
	95 (47.5)*	105 (52.5)*		200 (100)*
Patient profile
Age (years)	62.8 (±7.7)**	63.4 (±9.6)**	0.637	63.1 (±8.8)**
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.6 (±2.6)**	22.2 (±3.8)**	0.002	22.9 (±3.4)**
Alcohol consumption
Nondrinker	36 (37.9)*	86 (81.9)*	<0.001	122 (61.0)*
Drinker	59 (62.1)*	19 (18.1)*		78 (39.0)*
Smoking
Nonsmoker	44 (46.3)*	94 (89.5)*	<0.001	138 (69.0)*
Smoker	51 (53.7)*	11 (10.5)*		62 (31.0)*
H. pylori infection status
H. pylori infection
Negative	57 (60.0)*	60 (57.1)*	0.682	117 (58.5)*
Positive	38 (40.0)*	45 (42.9)*		83 (41.5)*
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus (type 2)
No	83 (87.4)*	97 (92.4)*	0.364	180 (90.0)*
Yes	12 (12.6)*	8 (7.6)*		20 (10.0)*
Hypertension
No	61 (64.2)*	81 (77.1)*	0.044	142 (71.0)*
Yes	34 (35.8)*	24 (22.9)*		58 (29.0)*
Internal medical therapies
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Nonuser	63 (66.3)*	79 (75.2)*	0.165	142 (71.0)*
User	32 (33.7)*	26 (24.8)*		58 (29.0)*
Low dose aspirin (LDA)
Nonuser	82 (86.3)*	96 (91.4)*	0.267	178 (89.0)*
User	13 (13.7)*	9 (8.6)*		22 (11.0)*
Lumber DXA
Bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm^2)	0.96 (±0.14)**	0.81 (±0.16)**	<0.001	0.88 (±0.17)**
Young adult mean (YAM) (%)	91.1 (±13.5)**	79.3 (±15.6)**	<0.001	84.9 (±15.7)**
Bone turnover marker
Bone specific ALP (BAP) (U/L)	21.4 (±6.0)**	23.4 (±6.6)**	0.025	22.5 (±6.5)**
Collagen type-I cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX) (nmolBCE/L)	13.6 (±4.8)**	14.8 (±5.2)**	0.112	14.2 (±5.0)**
Upper GI findings
Reflux esophagitis (RE)
No	89 (93.7)*	102 (97.1)*	0.313	191 (95.5)*
Yes	6 (6.3)*	3 (2.9)*		9 (4.5)*
LA-grade A	4	3		7
Grade B	2	0		2
Grade C	0	0		0
Grade D	0	0		0
Hiatal hernia
No	47 (49.5)*	62 (59.0)*	0.175	109 (54.5)*
Yes	48 (50.5)*	43 (41.0)*		91 (45.5)*
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
No	83 (87.4)*	91 (86.7)*	0.883	174 (87.0)*
Yes	12 (12.6)*	14 (13.3)*		26 (13.0)*
Gastric ulcer	5	10		15
Duodenal ulcer	4	2		6
Gastroduodenal ulcer	3	2		5
Endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy (EGA)	1.9 (±1.8)**	1.8 (±2.0)**	0.811	1.8 (±1.9)**
C-0	28	38		66
C-1	26	25		51
C-2	11	7		18
C-3	3	9		12
O-1	16	11		27
O-2	9	10		19
O-3	2	5		7

^∗Number (%), **median (±SD).