Psychological Therapies in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 3

Subgroup analysis.

Subgroup	SMD	Lower limit	Upper limit	Interaction test
Risk of bias: high versus low
Outcome: IBS composite symptoms severity scales
High				value = 0.79
Low
Intervention: CBT versus other forms of psychotherapy
Outcome: IBS composite symptoms severity scales
CBT				value = 0.56
Other
Outcome: quality of life scales
CBT	0.74	0.49	0.99	value = 0.15
Other	0.50	0.28	0.72
Control group: received medication versus no medication
Outcome: IBS composite symptoms severity scales
Yes				value = 0.75
No
Outcome: quality of life scales
Yes	0.58	0.31	0.85	value = 0.80
No	0.62	0.39	0.86

SMD: standardized difference in means; IBS: irritable bowel syndrome; CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.