Fish Oil Reduces Hepatic Injury by Maintaining Normal Intestinal Permeability and Microbiota in Chronic Ethanol-Fed Rats

Table 1

Composition of the experimental liquid diets in each group^1,2.

Ingredients	C	CF25	CF57	E	EF25	EF57
	Concentration (g/L (1000 kcal))
Casein	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4	41.4
L-cysteine	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
DL-methionine	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Corn oil	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5
Olive oil	28.4	21.3	12.2	28.4	21.3	12.2
Safflower oil	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
Fish oil	0	7.1	16.2	0	7.1	16.2
Choline bitartrate	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Fiber	10	10	10	10	10	10
Xanthan gum	4	4	4	4	4	4
ICN: AIN-76 vitamins	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
ICN: AIN-76 minerals	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Maltodextrin	115.2	115.2	115.2	25.6	25.6	25.6
Ethanol	0	0	0	50	50	50

C, control; CF25, control with 25% fish oil substituted for olive oil; CF57, control with 57% fish oil substituted for olive oil; E: ethanol; EF25, ethanol with 25% fish oil substituted for olive oil; EF57, ethanol with 57% fish oil substituted for olive oil.
²Casein, L-cysteine, DL-methionine, choline bitartrate, fiber, AIN-76 vitamins, AIN-76 minerals, and maltodextrin were purchased from ICN Biochemicals (Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Xanthan gum, ethanol, and glutamine were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Corn oil and olive oil were purchased from the God Bene Enterprise (Yunlin, Taiwan). Safflower oil was purchased from the Taiwan Sugar Corporation (Taipei, Taiwan). Fish oil (VIVA Omega-3™) was provided by VIVA Life Science (Costa Mesa, CA, USA).