Laparoscopic Surgery Can Reduce Postoperative Edema Compared with Open Surgery

Figure 1

Postoperative fluid management. O: Group O; L: Group L. POD: postoperative day. (a) Daily volume of fluid intake after surgery including intravenous fluid intake and gastrointestinal fluid intake. (b) Daily volume of fluid output after surgery including urine output and nonurinary output. “Nonurinary output” included digestive fluid, drainage fluid, and feces. There was no difference between groups.

(a)

(b)