Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Rivaroxaban: A Comparative Study with Warfarin

Table 3

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with GI bleeding in both groups.

Characteristics of patients with GI bleeding	Rivaroxaban	Warfarin	value
	()	()
GI bleeding events	7/147 (4.76%)	15 (9.80%)	0.094
GI bleeding events with high dose	7/87 (8.01%)	15 (9.80%)	0.65
Mean age ± SD	72.14 ± 15.40	75.80 ± 11.38	0.4801
Gender
Female	2 (28.57%)	7 (46.67%)	0.4214
Male	5 (71.43%)	8 (53.33%)
Ethnic group
White	6 (85.71%)	13 (86.67%)	0.9517
AA	1 (14.29%)	1 (6.67%)
Others	0	1 (6.67%)
Indication for drug
AF	5 (71.43%)	10 (66.67%)	0.8233
VTE treatment	1 (14.29%)	5 (33.33%)
VTE prophylaxis	1 (14.29%)	0
Other	0	0
Prophylactic dose	0	NA
Therapeutic doses	7	NA
Mean duration being on drug (days) ± SD	29.00 ± 38.03	163.87 ± 143.5
Duration ≤40 days	5 (71.43%)	5 (33.33%)	0.3770
Concomitant with aspirin	4 (57.14%)	7 (46.67%)	0.6471
Concomitant with thienopyridine	3 (42.86%)	4 (26.67%)	0.4476
Dual antiplatelet agents	2 (28.57%)	3 (20%)	0.655
Concomitant with NSAIDs	1 (14.29%)	0	0.1341
Hb < 12	3 (42.86%)	7 (46.67%)	0.8673
Cr > 1.5	1 (14.29%)	2 (13.33%)	0.9517
GFR ≤ 30	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
ALT > 40	1 (14.29%)	2 (13.33%)	0.9517
BMI
<18.5	0	0 (0%)	0.899
18.5–24.9	3 (42.86%)	6 (40%)
>25	4 (57.14%)	9 (60%)
Previous GI bleeding	2 (28.57%)	1 (6.67%)	0.1632
Upper GI tract	3 (42.86%)	6 (40%)	0.899
Lower GI tract	4 (57.14%)	5 (33.33%)	0.29
Occult GI bleeding	0 (0%)	4 (26.67%)	0.1309
Death related to GI bleeding	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA

AA: African American, AF: atrial fibrillation, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, BMI: body mass index, Cr: creatinine, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, GI: gastrointestinal, Hb: hemoglobin, NSIADs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and VTE: venous thromboembolism events. Signifying statistical significant values.