Extrahepatic Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases: A Phenomenon Neglected by Gastroenterologists

Table 2

Liver involvement in CTDs.

	Liver involvement	AIH	PBC	PSC	References
Systemic lupus erythematosus	3.0–79.0%	2.7–20.0%	2.7–15.0%	1 case	[1, 19–29]
Sjogren’s syndrome	7.0–49.0%	6.0–47.0%	35.0–57.0%	11 cases	[22, 29–31]
Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma	1.1%	11 cases	51.2%	51.2%	[22, 29, 32–34]
Antiphospholipid syndrome	—	5 cases	1 case	1 case	[13, 35–37]
Dermatomyositis or polymyositis	—	7.1%	14.3%	—	[13, 38]

AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis.