Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype, Metformin, and Survival for Colorectal Cancer Patients with Diabetes Mellitus II

Table 4

Multivariate Cox analysis of prognostic factors for DFS and OS.

Variable	Category	DFS			OS
		HR (95% CI)	χ^2		HR (95% CI)	χ^2
Age (year)	≤50	0.898 (0.365–2.213)	0.054	0.816	0.789 (0.264–2.359)	0.180	0.671
	>50
Gender	Female	0.547 (0.250–1.198)	2.274	0.132	0.418 (0.168–1.040)	3.516	0.061
	Male
Drinking history	Yes	3.451 (1.092–10.913)	4.448	0.035	2.578 (0.737–9.019)	2.198	0.138
	No
Smoking history	Yes	1.325 (0.603–2.912)	0.491	0.484	2.358 (0.875–6.356)	2.873	0.090
	No
Family history	Yes	0.659 (0.162–2.671)	0.342	0.559	0.523 (0.106–2.582)	0.634	0.426
	No
BMI (kg/m^2)	≤25	0.711 (0.336–1.508)	0.790	0.673	1.457 (0.618–3.433)	0.740	0.390
	>25
CEA (ng/ml)	≤5	0.857 (0.418–1.756)	1.179	0.357	0.857 (0.369–1.994)	0.128	0.721
	>5
CA19-9 (U/ml)	≤35	0.694 (0.319–1.509)	0.850	0.374	0.629 (0.260–1.520)	1.060	0.303
	>35
Sulfonylurea	Yes	1.629 (0.831–3.192)	2.019	0.155	1.672 (0.758–3.690)	1.623	0.203
	No
Insulin	Yes	1.127 (0.562–2.261)	0.114	0.736	1.189 (0.545–2.596)	0.189	0.664
	No
Metformin	Yes	3.450 (1.273–9.351)	5.924	0.015	3.484 (1.036–11.723)	4.066	0.044
	No
Site	Right	0.871 (0.686–1.106)	1.282	0.258	0.978 (0.744–1.285)	0.026	0.871
	Transverse
	Left
	Sigmoid
	Rectum
Adjuvant chemotherapy	Yes	0.635 (0.315–1.280)	1.614	0.204	0.713 (0.312–1.627)	0.647	0.421
	No
Histologic grade	I-II	1.006 (0.357–2.839)	0.001	0.991	1.038 (0.332–3.241)	0.004	0.949
	III
T	T1–3	0.513 (0.252–1.046)	3.368	0.066	0.513 (0.227–1.159)	2.577	0.108
	T4
N	N0	0.382 (0.175–0.834)	5.829	0.016	0.362 (0.150–0.872)	5.132	0.023
	N1-2
E-cadherin	Positive	2.252 (1.046–4.849)	4.303	0.038	1.923 (0.824–4.488)	2.284	0.131
	Negative
Vimentin	Positive	1.409 (0.667–2.975)	0.807	0.369	1.056 (0.455–2.451)	0.016	0.900
	Negative

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