Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage Using Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients undergoing EUS-BD.

Characteristics	EUS-guided biliary drainage (n = 24)
Age, mean (SD), years	64.8 (11.4)
Sex, male, n (%)	13 (54.2)
Causes of biliary obstruction, n (%)
Pancreatic cancer	9 (37.5)
Cholangiocarcinoma	5 (20.8)
Ampullary cancer	5 (20.8)
Metastatic gastric cancer	3 (12.5)
Metastatic gallbladder cancer	1 (4.2)
Metastatic ureteral carcinoma	1 (4.2)
Reasons for ERCP failure, n (%)
Duodenal stenosis	7 (29.2)
Tumor infiltrating papilla	7 (29.2)
Failed deep biliary cannulation	4 (16.7)
Preexisting duodenal stent	2 (8.3)
Gastric outlet obstruction	2 (8.3)
Surgically altered anatomy	1 (4.2)
Periampullary duodenal diverticulum	1 (4.2)
Presence of ascites, n (%)	4 (16.7)
Previous duodenal stent, n (%)	3 (12.5)