Endoscopic Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy in Patients with Anastomotic Leakage after Esophagectomy: A Single-Center Experience

Table 3

Characteristics of the 12 study patients who underwent E-VAC therapy.

Patient	Etiology	Premanagement prior to E-VAC therapy	Opening size (cm)	Placement of E-VAC	E-VAC therapy duration (days)	Sponge exchanges (n)	E-VAC therapy result	Clinical outcome	Complication
1	Esophageal cancer	Failed primary closure	2	Intracavitary	27	1	Complete closure	Discharged	Anastomotic site stricture
2	Esophageal cancer	None	1	Intraluminal	43	6	Complete closure	Discharged	None
3	Esophageal cancer	Failed primary closure	0.5	Intraluminal	31	3	Complete closure	Discharged	None
4	Esophageal cancer	None	1	Intraluminal	5	0	Complete closure	Discharged	None
5	GIST	None	1	Intraluminal	13	1	Complete closure	Discharged	None
6	Esophageal cancer	Succeeded in primary closure but leakage opened again	1	Intraluminal	36	6	Complete closure	Discharged	None
7	Esophageal diverticulum	None	1.5	Intraluminal	30	4	Complete closure	Discharged	None
8	Esophageal cancer	Failed primary closure	0.5	Intraluminal	21	3	Complete closure	Died of pneumonia	Anastomotic site bleeding
9	Esophageal cancer	Failed repeated primary closures	1, 1	Intraluminal	62	5	Size decreased	Healed after further supportive tx.	None
10	Esophageal cancer	None	1.5	Intraluminal	15	1	Size decreased	Healed after supportive tx. & fibrin glue injection	None
11	Esophageal cancer	None	2.5	Intracavitary	23	2	Size decreased	Fistula persisted despite additional endoscopic clipping	None
12	Esophageal cancer	Failed primary closure	2.5, 1.5	Intracavitary	10	0	No change	Healed after surgical management	None

GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; tx., treatment. Two fistulas.