Poor Prognoses of Young Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Microvascular Invasion: A Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study participants before PSM.

Variable	Young group	Old group	value
	Gender (male)	250 (88.7%)		78 (84.8%)	0.326
Adjuvant TACE	126 (44.7%)	32 (34.8%)	0.095
Reoperation	29 (10.3%)	5 (5.4%)	0.160
Tumor diameter (cm)			0.154
Tumor number (single)	209 (74.1%)	67 (72.8%)	0.807
GVI	97 (34.4%)	27 (29.3%)	0.372
Transfusion	43 (15.2%)	12 (13.0%)	0.604
Diabetes	11 (3.9%)	10 (10.9%)	0.012
HBsAg positivity	261 (92.6%)	71 (77.2%)	<0.001
AFP (ng/mL) (IQR)	1210.0 (45.8-1210.0)	324.1 (17.2-1210.0)	0.046
Invading adjacent organs	33 (11.7%)	11 (12.0%)	0.948
Anatomic resection	175 (62.1%)	55 (59.8%)	0.697
Well differentiation	121 (42.9%)	48 (52.2%)	0.121
Invasion of liver capsule	81 (28.7%)	28 (30.4%)	0.754
Satellite nodules	65 (23.0%)	9 (9.8%)	0.006
Lymphatic metastasis	11 (3.9%)	3 (3.3%)	0.779
Cirrhosis	140 (49.6%)	40 (43.5%)	0.304
GGT level (U/L) (IQR)	101.0 (50.0-201.0)	77.5 (43.5-119.8)	0.006
ALT level (U/L) (IQR)	42.0 (30.0-67.0)	36.0 (25.0-59.3)	0.028
AST level (U/L) (IQR)	50.0 (33.8-78.0)	45.5 (31.0-70.8)	0.217
TBIL level (mmol/L)			0.006
LYM count (10^9/L) (IQR)	1.4 (1.0-1.8)	1.3 (1.0-1.9)	0.933
WBC count (10^9/L) (IQR)	5.5 (4.5-6.8)	5.4 (4.3-6.7)	0.928
BCLC staging			0.597
A	48 (17.0%)	15 (16.3%)
B-C	234 (82.9%)	77 (83.7%)
Child-Pugh			0.592
A	262 (92.9%)	88 (95.7%)
B	17 (6.0%)	3 (3.3%)
C	3 (1.1%)	1 (1.1%)

Abbreviations: TACE: transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; GVI: giant vascular invasion; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; AFP: alpha fetoprotein; IQR: interquartile range; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: total bilirubin; LYM: lymphocyte; WBC: white blood cell; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.