Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Associated Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

<div>Adverse pregnancy outcomes in ICP and controls. Women with ICP were more likely to have preeclampsia, cesarean section, and preterm birth than controls. ICP—patients with <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.7373pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.429399pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.3079 113.585 12.7373" width="113.585pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M152 404V712C115 698 54 683 7 677V654C71 648 73 642 73 579V24C128 -2 179 -12 220 -12C353 -12 471 92 471 238C471 357 381 449 274 449C262 449 249 446 233 439L152 404ZM152 374C170 384 202 393 230 393C313 393 382 326 382 213C382 97 330 26 246 26C194 26 165 62 158 81C154 91 152 101 152 116V374Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.447,0)"><path d="M135 536C164 536 186 560 186 587C186 617 164 639 136 639C109 639 85 617 85 587C85 560 109 536 135 536ZM252 0V26C188 32 181 38 181 106V451C138 433 90 420 39 412V388C99 379 102 374 102 312V106C102 38 95 32 32 26V0H252Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.997,0)"><path d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 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103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,94.802,0)"><path d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 -12C355 -12 473 65 473 226C473 349 381 449 257 449ZM244 416C333 416 380 320 380 204C380 67 329 21 267 21C184 21 130 115 130 241C130 354 184 416 244 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,101.341,0)"><path d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 700 70 683 18 677V653C81 647 87 645 87 577V104C87 38 78 32 15 26V0H238Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,104.707,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,110.068,0)"><path d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 700 70 683 18 677V653C81 647 87 645 87 577V104C87 38 78 32 15 26V0H238Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> ICP: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; TBA: total bile acid. Adjusted for maternal age, pregestational BMI, and TBA level, with (cesarean section and preterm birth) or without preeclampsia (preeclampsia).</div>

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Associated Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: A Retrospective Case-Control Study 