Clinical and Translational Considerations for Understanding Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Table 1

The prevalence of depression and anxiety in various IBD cohorts.

Reference	Depression and/or anxiety (%)	Diagnosis timeline	Assessment method	Diagnosis setting	Study type	Patient sample size
Lewis et al. [5]	Depression: 11.2%; Anxiety: 16.9%	Current and lifetime	SCID	N/A	Cohort study	242
Byrne et al. [6]	Depression: 25.8%; Anxiety: 21.2%; D and/or A: 30.3%	Current	PHQ-9 and GAD-7 or diagnosis resulting from psychiatric interview	Tertiary care academic hospital	Retrospective chart review	327
Blackwell et al. [7]	Depression: UC, 3.7%, CD, 3.7%	5 years prior to IBD diagnosis	UK read codes	Primary care	Retrospective chart review	UC: 10,829; CD: 15,360
Stobaugh et al. [9]	Depression: 0.97%	Lifetime	ICD-9 codes	Hospital	Sampling frame from the NIS	100,687
Calixto et al. [10]	Depression (moderate): 55% anxiety (moderate): 41%	Current	HADS	Tertiary care center	Cross-sectional study	120
Mikocka-Walus et al. [11]	Depression: 20.2%; Anxiety: 37.5%	Current	HADS	Mixed: hospitals and private practice	Prospective cohort study	2007
Ishak et al. [12]	Depression: 7.3%; Anxiety: 18.2%	Current	PROMIS GHS, PROMIS-29, SF-12, WHODAS 2.0	Tertiary care center	Cross-sectional study	110
Bennebroek Evertsz et al. [14]	Depression: 6.3%; Anxiety: 17.5%	Current	HADS and SF-12	Tertiary care center	Prospective cohort study	231
Knowles et al. [15]	Mental health issue (mild to severe): 51.8%	Current	K10	Online	Cross-sectional study, online	336

IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; D: depression; A: anxiety; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD: general anxiety disorder; UK: United Kingdom; CAT-MH: Computerized Adaptive Testing for Mental Health; ICD-9: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PROMIS GHS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Survey; WHODAS: WHO Disability Assessment Schedule; SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders; NIS: Nationwide Inpatient Sample; GHS: Global Health Scale; SF: Short Form Health Survey; K10: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.