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| Hyperplasia types | Histomorphologic characteristics |
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| Common hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells | Morphologically focal glandular epithelial hyperplasia, with chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa; the height of hyperplastic gastric pits between 0.5 and 1.0 mm. |
| Drug-induced hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells | No or very little inflammatory cell infiltration in the stroma; the height of hyperplastic gastric pits is between 1 and 1.5 mm, with the cells arranged in a monolayer. |
| Hp infection-induced hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells | Oval, spherical, and bounded membrane-enclosed mucus-containing granules in the cytoplasm and on the nucleus are disappeared, with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation and positive expression of Hp |
| Metaplastic hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells | Coexistence of intestinal metaplastic cells with hyperplastic gastric epithelial cells; cells were organized in a monolayer or stratified epithelium arrangement, with a nuclear length 1–2 times of that in normal epithelial cells |
| Atrophic hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells | Compensatory and regional hyperplasia; it cannot be determined morphologically as intraepithelial neoplasia; mucosal atrophy (loss of glands) accompanied with hyperplasia of gastric pits, with varying degrees of decrease and even disappearance of gastric fundus glands, cardiac glands, and pyloric glands. |
| Low-grade neoplasia of epithelial cells | Mild to moderate dysplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which were located at the base of the glandular epithelium, with increased nuclear length, retained polarity, and visible mitoses. |
| High-grade neoplasia of epithelial cells | Evident dysplasia of hyperplastic epithelial cells; cells were morphologically columnar to cuboidal, with large nuclei, increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, and increased mitotic figures. |
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