Effects of Augmented Reality in Primary Education: A Literature Review

Table 1

List of existing review studies related to AR in education.

References	Study overview	Research design	Study level (lower education/higher education/both)	No. of studies reviewed	Benefits	Challenges
Sirakaya and Alsancak Sirakaya [35]	This study examined the trends of AR in education.	Quantitative	Both	105	According to their research, AR stands out as an effective educational tool that can be applied to various sample levels and training in a variety of fields.	Their research indicates that the main and most significant restriction is the technological issues that users have when utilizing AR.
Bacca Acosta et al. [34]	The review research reflects the state of AR in education from 2003 to 2013.	Quantitative	Both	32	The findings of this analysis suggest that learning gains and motivation are the two main benefits mentioned in the studies.	The most frequently mentioned drawback in this study’s findings was that students had trouble maintaining the superimposed information.
Masmuzidin and Aziz [36]	In this study, the work that has been done so far in the field of early childhood education between 2009 and 2018 was presented.	Qualitative	Lower education	24	According to this study, motivation is one of the key benefits, and it is also said that children were more engaged, content, and attentive while using AR.	Not mentioned
Diegmann et al. [39]	This study presents the benefits of AR in education.	Qualitative	Both	25	We are given fourteen advantages by this study, and it also described how AR may be used in different directions for further advantages.	Ineffective classroom integration was one of the negative effects of AR that this review study discovered.
Chen et al. [38]	This review considered the AR studies in the educational environment published between 2011 and 2016.	Qualitative	Both	55	Their research discovered that motivation and learning improvements were the most frequently mentioned benefits of AR in educational settings.	Not mentioned
Akçayır M. and Akçayır G. [37]	The advantages and challenges of employing AR in education were discussed in this research.	Quantitative	Both	68	In this study, a number of advantages of AR were discovered, including learning achievement, motivation, and a positive outlook.	This study also identified certain usability issues, cognitive load issues, and technical limits with AR.
Sırakaya and Alsancak Sırakaya [41]	This study systematically investigated AR in STEM education.	Quantitative	Both	42	Four categories were used to categorize the advantages of integrating AR in STEM education: (a) contributions to the student, (b) educational outcomes, (c) interaction, and (d) other advantages.	Marker detection issues, lengthy content production times, and teachers’ unwillingness to using AR applications were the main issues noted.
Ibáñez and Delgado-Kloos [42]	This review presented AR in STEM education between 2010 and 2017.	Qualitative	Both	28	The result of this study reported that students were motivated, engaged, and had a positive attitude towards the STEM education with AR.	In this study, the noted challenges associated with AR technology are that it encourages student distraction and add to their cognitive load.
Pellas et al. [45]	The study provides the systematic review of ARGBL across primary and secondary education.	Quantitative	Both	21	The results of this study demonstrated that implementing ARGBL in primary and secondary education led to better learning outcomes.	The most prevalent restriction is that instructors are unable to use the same system for several academic subjects.
Fotaris et al. [46]	A systematic review of ARGBL applications in primary education from 2012 to 2017 was reported in this paper.	Quantitative	Lower education	17	The findings of this study demonstrate that ARGBL adoption in primary education has enhanced student learning performance.	The most common limitation is the absence of an integrated curriculum, which hinders teachers from utilizing the same system for diverse academic disciplines.
Quintero et al. [33]	This study presents a systematic review of AR in educational inclusion.	Quantitative	Both	50	The main advantages reported in this study are increasing motivation and felicitating interaction.	The issue identified in this study is the need to increase the sample size in research.
Theodoropoulos and Lepouras [47]	The application of AR in programming education is examined in this study.	Quantitative	Both	50	The study’s conclusions demonstrate that AR has impact on perception, cognition, and motivation.	Spatial restrictions, hardware requirements, and specifications are the issues mentioned in this study.