Review Article

Designing for Digital Wellbeing: From Theory to Practice a Scoping Review

Table 3

Summary table for the characteristics of the included studies.

CharacteristicNumber of studies

Type of publicationJournal article: ; conference proceedings:
Year of publication2014: 1; 2015: 1; 2016: 1; 2017: 1; 2018: 1; 2019: 11; 2020: 17; 2021: 27; 2022: 27
CountryUK: 27; USA: 11; Qatar:7; Switzerland: 6; German/Italy: 5; KSA/South Africa/UAE: 4; Australia/China: 3; Ireland: 2; Canada/Finland/Greece/Hungary/India/Korea/Serbia/Singapore/Spain/Ukraine: 1
Papers with definitions/descriptions for DWBDWB: ; WB (general): ; referral to DWB de facto tools and initiatives (i.e., Google DWB or others): ; Google’s commitment statement of DWB:
Papers with scales for DWB
Papers with framework for DWB
Sample size6-415769
Mean age
Age range
29.32
(10-65)
Gender45% female
DWB outcome (parameters and concepts to measure or study)Related to users:
Users’ characteristics, feelings, and moods:
Digital literacy and competency:
Awareness of WB theories and components:
Digital addiction (& problematic usage):
Mental wellbeing:
Life satisfaction:
Procrastination:
Screen time:
Sense of agency:
FoMO reduction and classification:
Needs satisfaction:
Work-life-balance:
Burnout:
Mindful scrolling:
No of keystroke and scrolls:
Sense of coherence (self-control, meaningfulness, mindfulness):
Related to design:
Usability, effectiveness, and acceptance (of a tool or training):
Ethical risks (i.e. loss of autonomy or lack of transparency):
Regretful usage (caused by design features):
Others
DWB as a parameter impacted by social, cultural, and political complexity:
Underlying theory categoriesBC: ; SWB: ; ED: ; DL:

Key: UK = United Kingdom; USA = United States of America; KSA = Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; UAE = United Arab Emirates; BC = behavioural change; WB = wellbeing; SWB = subjective wellbeing; ED = ethical design; DL = digital literacy. value does not add up to 87 as some studies include more than one outcome.