Innovative Virtual Reality (VR) Application for Preventing of Falls among Chinese Older Adults: A Usability and Acceptance Exploratory Study
Table 6
Change in outcomes measures over the three assessments time points.
Outcome measures
Pretest ()
Posttest ()
Follow-up ()
T2 vs. T1 ()
T3 vs. T1 ()
Within group ()
Items
PU
12.97 (1.622)
13.39 (1.407)
13.77 (1.334)
0.391
0.018
0.013
PEOU
11.45 (2.047)
11.97 (1.622)
12.32 (1.815)
0.741
0.110
0.103
PE
13.10 (1.720)
13.68 (1.43)
14.03 (1.472)
0.321
0.017
0.011
SNs
10.90 (2.286)
11.61 (1.764)
11.61 (1.564)
0.416
0.251
0.127
UE
13.00 (1.506)
13.01 (1.337)
13.45 (1.329)
0.011
0.328
0.044
IU
8.19 (1.195)
8.71 (1.039)
9.03 (1.110)
0.100
0.005
0.020
Risk factors
Balance (BBS)
51.29 (4.811)
53.13 (3.519)
53.65 (4.278)
0.133
0.088
0.036
6MWT (metre)
324.48 (64.22)
379.75 (70.31)
382.02 (70.03)
0.001
001
0.001
TUG (second)
11.25 (2.71)
8.97 (2.01)
8.23 (1.95)
0.001
0.001
0.001
FES-I
42.19 (9.34)
37.87 (10.47)
32.90 (10.03)
0.115
0.001
0.001
Outcome measure: a better outcome is represented by an increase 6 subset of items, BBS, and 6MWT and a decrease in TUG and FES-I. PU: perceived usefulness; PEOU: perceived ease of use; PE: perceived enjoyment; SNs: social norms; UE: user experience; IU: intention to use; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; 6MWT: six-minute walk test; TUG: Time Up and Go test; FES-I: Fall Efficacy Scale-International. value: significant at <0.05 level of significance. .
