|
Constructs | Indicator | Observed variables | Sources |
|
Instructor | GV1 | Instructors often respond promptly to students’ questions. | Lei & So [60]; Al-Mawee, Kwayu, and Gharaibeh [61]; Rajeh et al. [62] |
GV2 | Instructors provide clear instructions on how to access online learning materials for your class. |
GV3 | Instructors provide complete information about learning materials. |
GV4 | Instructors often facilitate online discussions about lesson content. |
GV5 | Instructors organize the examination and assessment according to the prescribed time. |
GV6 | Instructors respond quickly to test results. |
|
Technology | CN1 | Using the Internet makes it easy to communicate with instructors and other students. | Saravanan et al. [63]; Lei & So [60]; Al-Mawee, Kwayu, and Gharaibeh [61]; Rajeh et al. [62] |
CN2 | You can easily download the files to your computer. |
CN3 | Online discussion forums are very helpful. |
CN4 | Technology makes it possible to learn from anywhere without going to class. |
|
Communication | GT1 | Online learning helps you feel more confident in communicating with other students and instructors. | Lei & So [60]; Saravanan et al. [63]; Rajeh et al. [62] |
GT2 | You enjoy participating in activities to exchange and contribute ideas in online learning sessions. |
GT3 | Exchange information on online discussion forums to help you see how well you know compared to other students. |
GT4 | Online learning gives you the opportunity to interact with other students through online chat rooms or forums. |
|
Course | KH1 | Online courses provide you with valuable information. | Saravanan et al. [63] |
KH2 | The online course provides clear instructions for the learning process. |
KH3 | The course’s easy-to-use online learning system helps facilitate student learning and interaction. |
KH4 | An online platform to help you learn more about the course content. |
|
Outcome | KQ1 | Online learning enhances your learning efficiency. | Rajeh et al. [62] |
KQ2 | You are satisfied with the learning results achieved during the online learning process. |
KQ3 | You can apply what you learn in the online course. |
KQ4 | You are satisfied with your performance in the online course. |
|
Motivation for learning | DL1 | You are capable of completing the exercises that the teacher gives you and this has motivated you to study. | Saravanan et al. [63] |
DL2 | Online learning helps you create a close relationship with your teacher/student, and this motivates you to study. |
DL3 | An online course provides the necessary knowledge, has long-term benefits, and motivates you to study. |
DL4 | You are interested in the online course content, and it motivates you to learn from the course. |
DL5 | An online course enhances your competence and knowledge, and it motivates you to learn from the course. |
|
Sudden change | TD1 | You worry about fairness in grading. | Lei & So [60] |
TD2 | You worry about the lack of devices to support online learning. |
TD3 | You worry about the lack of materials to support online learning. |
TD4 | You feel uncomfortable when you have to change the method of communication from face-to-face to online. |
|
Online learning satisfaction | HL1 | I will continue to choose online learning if the COVID-19 pandemic continues. | Lei & So [60]; Rajeh et al. [62] |
HL2 | I am more satisfied with online learning compared to face-to-face sessions. |
HL3 | My satisfaction level encourages me to register in other available online. |
HL4 | Overall, I am satisfied with my online teaching experiences. |
HL5 | Overall, I am satisfied with the attitudes and performances of myself/my students/instructors who attended/taught my online classes. |
|