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| Paper ID | Author/year/title/publication type | Country and setting | Participants | Aims/objectives | Methodology/data collection methods reported | Method of analysis | Main findings and conclusions |
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| 1 | Morrison et al. [29]
Abuse and neglect of people with multiple sclerosis: a Survey with the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS)
Journal paper-Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders | USA
Community | Adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) requiring caregivers | To estimate the incidence and prevalence of caregiver mistreatment of adults with advanced MS | Anonymous telephone survey
Patient reported outcome measures used:
(i) Scale to report emotional stress signs- multiple sclerosis (STRESS-MS)
(ii) Multiple sclerosis neuropsychological screening questionnaire (MSNQ) outcomes study- social support survey (MOS-SSS) | Quantitative | 54.9% participants reported at least one form of mistreatment by caregivers (including psychological abuse (44.2%), financial abuse (25.2%), neglect (16.5%), physical abuse (11.2%), or sexual abuse (8.3%)). Mistreated participants reported less social support, increased alcohol consumption, and higher levels of fatigue and cognitive impairment. Caregivers suffering from mental illness increased the chance of mistreatment 13 times |
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| 2 | Aygin and Bozdemir [30]
Exposure to violence in breast cancer patients: Systematic review
Journal paper- Breast Cancer | Turkey
Hospital
Oncology clinics | Female patients who have undergone breast cancer surgery | To systematically review data from studies on breast cancer patients who have been exposed to violence | Systematic review qualitative and descriptive studies | Descriptive narrative review | Nine studies were reviewed, six descriptive and three qualitative, looking at breast cancer patients who were exposed to spouse/partner violence in childhood or during the therapeutic process. Breast cancer patients exposed to violence had higher depression scores, low quality of life, and have their healing adversely affected. A positive correlation was also shown between advanced stage cancer and history of violence. Providing care to these patients can be difficult due to the “taboo” nature of violence |
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| 3 | Coker et al. [31]
Partner interfering behaviours affecting cancer quality of life
Journal paper-psycho-oncology | USA
Community | Female cancer patients | To understand how destructive, controlling, or interfering partner behaviours impact women’s cancer care | Telephone survey
Patient reported outcome measures used:
(i) Partner interfering behaviours in cancer care (PIB-C)
(ii) Functional assessment of cancer therapy (FACT-G)
(iii) Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-SP) | Quantitative using validated measures and quality of life outcomes | Women who reported any partner interfering behaviour experienced more symptoms of depression and stress and lower functional assessment scores. Specific partner behaviours are more common (14.7%) than intimate partner violence (IPV). (10.7%) with a similar cancer impact. However, interfering partner behaviours do not meet the “violence” threshold so may not be identified in screening |
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| 4 | Johnson [32]
Journey of decision-making among a sample of women diagnosed with breast cancer and living with a nonsupportive or abusive partner
Thesis-University of California, Los Angeles | USA
Hospital and Community | Female breast cancer patients | To explore the decision-making journey in women diagnosed with breast cancer who live with a nonsupportive or abusive partner | Qualitative descriptive study using interviews | Grounded theory | A lack of partner support was shown to be stressful, confusing, and disheartening. Women had an increased need to depend on other sources of support and were resourceful in using strategies that helped them make treatment decisions |
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| 5 | Johnson and Pieters [33]
Intimate partner violence among women diagnosed with cancer
Journal paper-cancer nursing | USA
Hospital (oncology) | Female cancer patients | To evaluate the presence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in female cancer survivors and to provide oncology nurses with clinical guidelines about IPV | Systematic review
Studies included a chart review, case studies, a prospective study, and a phenomenological design | Not reported | The 10 articles selected presented accounts of abusive partner behaviours throughout their cancer journey affecting their treatment decision-making. In many cases, women described how their partners controlled their money, health insurance, and cancer treatments. Cancer survivors from three studies felt that their cancer diagnosis was a direct result of the abuse they had endured. Oncology nurses often have a special bond with their patients that can be used to promote safety and health in cancer patients suffering from IPV |
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| 6 | Wiseman [34]
10 minutes with Anne May
Online article-palliative care Australia | Australia
Hospital (palliative care) | Palliative care patients | To explore domestic abuse in palliative care settings and highlight that abuse can be mistaken for grief reaction in palliative care settings | Interview | Not reported | Abuse may be mistaken for grief reaction. Caregiver controlling pain relief. Need trauma informed approach to care. Palliative care patients lack energy to advocate for themselves |
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| 7 | Speakman et al. [35]
“I didn’t fight for my life to be treated like this!”: the relationship between the experience of cancer and intimate partner abuse
Journal paper-health and social work | USA
Hospital and Community | Cancer patients | To understand the high occurrence of intimate partner abuse in cancer patients and experiences of IPV before and after diagnosis, impact of abuse of treatment, effect of treatment on ability to deal with abuse | Qualitative semistructured interviews | Thematic qualitative analysis using grounded theory techniques | Participants described various abusive and unsupportive behaviours by their partners over their cancer journey, which contributed to them reassessing their relationships. Factors that led to relationship changes were a heightened awareness on their own health, discovery of greater inner strength, and enhanced social support. Participants who made relationship changes or left an abusive relationship usually did so after they recovered from cancer treatment. 76% of participants had experienced abuse prior to diagnosis |
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| 8 | Cesario et al. [36]
Linking cancer and intimate partner violence
Journal paper-clinical journal of oncology nursing | USA
Community | Female cancer patients, women who used shelters and justice system | To determine the rates of IPV and the types of cancer reported by women seeking support from IPV services | Survey
Telephone interview | Quantitative analysis | Women experienced psychological and physical distress including high levels of pain severity, indicating the physical effects of IPV. Women also remained at higher risk for continued abuse despite living in a safe shelter. Women who left home had higher marginality scores than the women who remained at home with the support of law enforcement and a protection order |
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| 9 | Culver Wygant et al. [12]
Intimate partner violence in an outpatient palliative care setting
Journal paper-journal of pain and symptom management | USA
Hospital palliative care | Metastatic cancer patients | To describe emotional and verbal abuse in the palliative care setting | Single case study | Not reported | The case study demonstrates how IPV can impact patients’ physical and emotional well-being, social support system, and capability to seek health care
Health choices were made against the participants’ better judgement. The participant also believed that the stressful relationship worsened her cancer |
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| 10 | Daly et al. [37]
Critical care nurses’ perspectives on elder abuse
Journal paper-nursing in critical care | USA
(Hospital)
Critical care | Critical care nurses | To explore the perspectives of critical care nurses on elder abuse to gain an understanding of the issues of reporting and develop ideas for improving the process | Qualitative interviews | Thematic analysis | To some extent critical care nurses systematically evaluate for abuse on admission. The nurses recognise the signs and symptoms of abuse and are conscious of why an older person may not want to report abuse. Experience, facts, and personal value affect personally defining abuse, suspicion, and dependence for each nurse. The nurses reported that the reporting process is vague and unknown |
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| 11 | Manthorpe et al. [38]
Responding to the financial abuse of people with dementia: A qualitative study of safeguarding experiences in England
Journal paper-international psychogeriatrics | UK
Social care adult safeguarding | Adult safeguarding co-ordinators | To explore the experiences and views of professionals responsible for adult safeguarding in local government, focusing on financial abuse | Qualitative interviews | Framework analysis | Themes identified during the interviews included: incidence of financial abuse such as unpaid bills; safeguarding responses; signs of financial abuse; encouraging preventative measures such as advance care plans and lasting power of attorney; and barriers and facilitators in safeguarding |
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| 12 | Sawin [39]
“The body gives way, things happen”: older women describe breast cancer with a nonsupportive intimate partner
Journal paper-European journal of oncology nursing | USA
Community | Female breast cancer patients | To explore the aging-related experiences of older women diagnosed with breast cancer whilst in a nonsupportive, difficult intimate relationship | Semistructured qualitative interviews | Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis | Women’s breast cancer experience was complicated by aging-related issues such as changes in sexual relationships, comorbidities, and partner illness. Despite the lack of partner support the women in the study coped effectively with breast cancer by seeking outside support and sometimes distancing themselves from their intimate partner |
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| 13 | Sawin and Parker [40]
“If looks would kill then I would be dead”: Intimate partner abuse and breast cancer in older women
Journal paper-journal of gerontological nursing | USA
Community | Female breast cancer patients | To describe the experiences of older women with breast cancer while experiencing intimate partner abuse (IPA) | Semistructured qualitative interviews | Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis | Themes that emerged from the interviews included: Cancer and control; negative relationship changes; changes in intimacy; and moving on
Some of the participants felt trapped in the relationship due to financial issues such as health insurance from the partner, losing the home, and having few work skills. The women developed coping strategies such as setting boundaries and limiting contact |
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| 14 | Sawin [41]
My husband would not help me, so I was driving over there’: older rural women experiencing breast cancer with a nonsupportive intimate partner
Journal paper-rural and remote health | USA
Community | Female breast cancer patients | To explore the experiences of older rural women diagnosed with breast cancer while in a nonsupportive and/or abusive relationship | Semistructured qualitative interviews | Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis | Themes identified during the interviews included: driving; gossip in the local community; rural location as therapeutic; and community support
Patients reported an increased difficulty to access treatment due to their partners’ refusal to help with transport. The participants emphasised the positive support they found in their communities |
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| 15 | Csikai and Durkin [42]
Perceived educational needs and preparation of adult protective services workers for practice with end-of-life issues
Journal paper-gerontology and geriatrics education | USA
Social care
Adult safeguarding | Adult protective services (APS) professionals | To investigate the extent of end-of-life preparation in APS professionals | Quantitative postal surveys | Quantitative analysis | APS professionals frequently encounter situations involving serious illness and injury, death and bereavement. Less than half were educated about issues of death and dying in their degree, and only half had attended a continuing educational programme on these topics. The participants reported the greatest educational needs in practical resources, the use of advanced directives, and end-of-life decision making |
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| 16 | Sawin et al. [10]
Breast cancer in the context of intimate partner violence: a qualitative study
Journal paper-oncology nursing forum | USA
Community | Breast cancer patients | To describe the experiences of women diagnosed with breast cancer while living with IPV | Semistructured qualitative interviews | Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis | A number of themes emerged including reassessing life; believing that stress from the relationship caused the cancer; valuing support from others; the significance of the breast. All participants reported a change in their intimate relationship as a result of their breast cancer diagnosis. Living with cancer offered the women an opportunity to review their life, and in some cases change their relationship status |
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| 17 | Owen-Smith et al. [43]
Screening for domestic violence in an oncology clinic: barriers and potential solutions
Journal paper-oncology nursing society | USA
Hospital (gynaecology and oncology clinics) | Gynaecologic oncology or colposcopy patients’ medical records
Oncology nurses | To evaluate the implementation of a domestic violence screening protocol in an oncology clinic | Medical record review
Survey of nurse practitioners | Descriptive analysis of the medical records. Content analysis of the survey | Of the medical records reviewed, 63% had a domestic violence screening record, but only 12% of these had documentation. Patients with domestic violence screening documentation were more likely to have had five or more clinic visits
Nursing staff listed forgetting to screen or document domestic violence screening as the most common barrier to implementing the protocol. To overcome this, nurses recommended providing screening reminders and adding domestic violence screening questions to forms |
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| 18 | Payne [44]
Safeguarding adults at end of life: Audit and case analysis in a palliative care setting
Journal paper-journal of social work in end-of-life and palliative care | UK
Hospice | Safeguarding adults’ cases | To report the findings of an audit of safeguarding adults’ cases over two years from the introduction of an adult protection policy | Case audit | Not reported | Various forms of abuse were identified, involving institutional, physical, verbal, and financial abuse and neglect. Most patients wanted protection, but some did not want to disrupt personal care and relationships despite abuse. Analysis of physical abuse cases found a large proportion of cases where difficulties in family relationships, often associated with alcohol and drug misuse, worsened the stresses in end-of-life care |
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| 19 | Jayawardena and Liao [45]
Elder abuse at end-of-life
Journal paper-journal of palliative medicine | USA
Community | Older adults at end-of-life | To investigate elder abuse at end-of-life | Literature review | Not reported | Clinical presentation of abuse may overlap with natural dying process. The (multidisciplinary team) MDT most effective intervention for assessment and prevention. Most abuse occurs at home; hospice team may be only outside professionals coming into the home. Caregiver stress and victim dependency increase risk |
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| 20 | Schmidt [11]
Domestic violence against women with cancer: examples and review of the literature
Journal paper- the journal of supportive oncology | USA
Hospital (oncology clinic) | Female cancer patients experiencing or at risk of domestic abuse who had been referred to psychologist for evaluation of mood | To present case studies and the literature review on domestic abuse and issues of detection and management in a cancer population | Case studies
Literature review | Not reported | All husbands of patients had appeared supportive to the oncology team. Cancer patients share dependency, frailty, and other characteristics with other patients at high risk of abuse–cancer may be a risk factor |
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| 21 | Fisher [9]
The invisible dimension: abuse in palliative care families
Journal paper-journal of palliative medicine | Australia
Hospital (palliative care) | Palliative care | To investigate abusive family relationships in palliative care | Literature review | Not reported | Studies in palliative care and families tend to focus on the functional family unit, how illness and dying has affected the family and the needs of family members. The palliative care literature does not explicitly deal with families and patients affected by abusive caregiving relationships |
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