Effects of Drug Price Changes on Patient Expenditure: Evidence from China’s Zero Markup Drug Policy

Table 1

Summary statistics.

Variable	Obs.	Mean (¥)	Std. dev.
Panel A: outpatient
Total expenditure	20,522.821	170.1585	86.217
Reimbursable expenditure	21,197.513	108.7778	72.7833
Out-of-pocket expenditure	21,087.162	54.4946	47.1948
Out-of-pocket expenditure ratio	21,685.369	0.3492	0.2415
Panel B: inpatient
Total expenditure	6,119.941	3,442.8703	3,960.4644
Reimbursable expenditure	6,123.357	3,089.7193	3,317.6142
Out-of-pocket expenditure	5,373.733	1,423.4942	2,143.95
Out-of-pocket expenditure ratio	5,472.566	0.3697	0.1819