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| Training of professionals | Training in gender perspective, sexuality, and SV |
| (i) “We need to keep insisting on that, on quality training(…)” (AVG-38) |
| (ii) “(...) Awareness in gender equality, gender perspective...those who work with these victims, from the state security forces to the people in the hospitals, everyone (...) they’ve gone to ask for help and nothing’s been done, and that also means other girls won’t go” (MUJ-19) |
| Youth training |
| (i) “(...) At entities and associations they should train professionals who work with them, so they can offer better care (...)” [youth entities] (SJ-42) |
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| Improvable institutional care | Scarce psychological therapy |
| (i) “I think that waiting times for therapy can affect young girls differently, it’s saturated as well (...) , they need an answer as to what’s happening at that moment” (AVG-32) |
| (ii) “They were assigned a psychologist. But I think that was the first year and that’s it” (MUJ-06) |
| Legal processes: hard, ineffective, and not adapted |
| (i) “(...) The legal side usually scares them more, it’s what terrifies them the most and (...) the legal process is very, very hard (...)” (AVG-44) |
| (ii) “Or for example, when you come, you’re never going to see that guy again, or anything, and then she comes across him on the corridor (...) Like the process has been extended (...) ” [referring to the legal process] (MUJ-06) |
| Legal institutions not specialized in SV |
| (i) “For gender violence in relationships, there are specialized lawyers, there are specialized courts. (...) However, for sexual violence there isn’t. (...) so, it’s a comparative grievance and it isn’t yet given the dimension it has (...)” (AVG-34) |
| Excessive specialization in psychological recovery accompaniment programmes |
| (i) “We have this comprehensiveness regarding the areas [legal and judicial advice, psychological care, social work ], but as it’s a specific resource (...) in sexual violence (...) there are times that it takes up their lives. Right? (...) We have this focus on sexual violence (...) and maybe it could be complemented with another kind of more general activities” (AVG-32) |
| Excessive bureaucracy-repeating interviews |
| (i) “They’re really institutional, that’s it, I think they’re too archaic, like too (...) they’re bureaucratic in the end. So, they’re not humanized (...) not really connected with social reality” (HOM-03) |
| Delay in psychosocial care |
| (i) “If it had been done quicker and more efficiently the first time, it would have been less difficult to overcome (...) depression” (MUJ-06) |
| Medicalization |
| (i) “(...) I spent a whole summer asleep, with anxiolytics, because I was having anxiety attacks and I had PTSD (...)” (MUJ-01) |
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| Service infrastructure | Care focused on GBV and middle-aged women |
| (i) “And then they need to ask for hours for resources that aren’t adapted to them. With schedules that aren’t adapted to them, with professionals that sometimes are, so, they have an adult-focused perspective...I think we also need to know how to adapt” (AVG-38) |
| (ii) “I think it’s mainly aimed at that [stable affective-sexual relationships], maybe it’s, outside that and the young population...something else is missing” [needs that resources are focused on] (HOM-04) |
| Engagement not focused on SV and young people |
| (i) “You don’t know what they do, how they can help...nothing about it. Because publicity...at the town hall you won’t see young people there...” (MUJ-17) |
| (ii) “We’re on the Internet...we don’t have social networks or the ability to update them. Maybe in that sense we seem more institutional, right? And that puts them off (...)” (AVG-32) |
| Information (resources and bureaucratic procedures): Little and not adapted to young people |
| (i) “Many times they think we’re going to demand or oblige them, well, to report it...to see them, if they don’t do it...we won’t believe them…” (AVG-31) |
| (ii) “Talking about younger people, always, well infographics or videos, or something that’s, I don’t know, more didactic, it’ll be understood better and it’ll reach them easier” [looking for legal information] (MUJ-19) |
| Lack of resources: human/economic |
| (i) “I’d put one, well for each neighbourhood, or every 2, to be honest, whether for planning (...)” (MUJ-23) |
| (ii) “(...) many times, the lack of resources, staff, means you can’t do everything, you know?..” (SJ-43) |
| Lack of protocols |
| (i) “...That there’s protocols. (...) Consistent and feasible protocols that have been worked on and can be put into practice in a real way…” (SJ-42) |
| Little awareness of nearby resources |
| (i) “For any tool to work, for...more effectiveness, it needs to be nearby...You create a 016 [GBV telephone number in Spain] you’re addressing a specific population [...] a number like 016 [national], it’s really general, state-wide...and it can be seen as something really...formal, institutional...” [access barriers] (HOM-03) |
| Inequality in territorial distribution |
| (i) “Maybe many times lots of people don’t have the chance because...there’s nothing in their city” (HOM-05) |
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