Co-Creating a Nature-Based Social Prescription Intervention in Urban Socioeconomically Deprived Neighbourhoods: A Case Study from RECETAS Project in Barcelona, Spain

Table 3

List of interviewees and information provided.

Actor	Area	Information provided
Barcelona Environmental Equipment Network-Equipment of Sagrada Familia	Nature	The elderly and migrant populations are especially vulnerable to loneliness. Within this last-mentioned group, women, caregivers, and households suffer greater loneliness.
		It is well known that older people suffer from loneliness and public institutions have already been organising activities to mitigate the situation, but very limited resources are devoted to migrants, which are also affected by precarious living conditions, and therefore they lack time for social gathering. Previous but limited actions have been taken to improve migrant women’s situation (i.e., mutual support and co-parenting groups).
		Nature-based activities could be a solution, but there are few green spaces available within some neighbourhoods.
		Moreover, lack of financial or social resources and time constraints prevent people from going to other neighbourhoods or asking for help in public services. Social prescription is being conducted in a few neighbourhoods in Barcelona, but there is a need to do so at a city level, which would help engage all relevant actors.
Roquetes CP and CHR	Community action	Les Roquetes has been built by neighbours with a community perspective. Social prescription has been working for some years and they use tickets for tracking. CHR organises different spaces with neighbours.
		Isolation and loneliness have become a problem in the neighbourhood after the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people and informal caregivers are the most affected.
Barcelona Public Health Agency	Social prescription and health	Nou Barris is a neighbourhood where neighbours are heavily involved with educational projects.
		RECETAS would be a great opportunity to boost these early initiatives, as the territory has high potential but no experience in the field.
Childhood, Youth, and Elderly Services	Loneliness	Barcelona’s loneliness strategy establishes broad objectives and a workplan for the whole city but also takes into account territorial scope, working closely with each of the city districts, which in turn develop their specific strategies. There is also a science advisory board and a loneliness observatory. There is a catalogue of available resources which includes different local entities and voluntary activities in their website.
		However, there is still a lack of information about the most vulnerable groups, given the difficulty in accessing specific populations. Loneliness is also widely spread between children and youths as involving this population with social services is complex.
		In the current loneliness strategy, there is no involvement with nature, but many of the activities that are already designed could be adapted to be nature related.