Depression and Quality of Life of People Accused of Witchcraft and Living in Alleged Witches’ Camps in Northern Ghana
Table 3
Association between sociodemographic characteristics and severity of depression.
SDC
No depression, n (%)
Mild depression, n (%)
Moderate, n(%)
Moderately severe, n (%)
Severe, n(%)
X 2 (value)
∗Age (in years)
40–49
4 (40.0)
2 (20.0)
1 (10.0)
1 (10.0)
2 (20.0)
47.48 (<0.0001)
50–59
13 (39.4)
8 (24.2)
6 (18.2)
2 (6.1)
4 (12.1)
60–69
25 (35.7)
10 (14.3)
27 (38.6)
7 (10.0)
1 (1.4)
70–79
26 (26.4)
33 (31.1)
36 (34.0)
8 (7.5)
1 (0.9)
≥80
11 (19.0)
12 (20.7)
33 (56.9)
2 (3.4)
0 (0)
Sex
Female
74 (28.8)
57 (22.0)
101 (39.0)
19 (7.3)
8 (3.1)
8.37 (0.066)
Male
7 (38.9)
8 (44.4)
2 (11.1)
1 (5.6)
0 (0)
∗Religion
Islam
57 (36.5)
21 (13.5)
61 (39.1)
12 (7.7)
5 (3.2)
19.53 (0.003)
Christianity
16 (17.0)
35 (37.2)
33 (35.1)
7 (7.4)
3 (3.2)
Traditional
8 (38.1)
7 (33.3)
5 (23.8)
1 (4.8)
0 (0)
No religion
0 (0)
2 (33.3)
4 (66.7)
0 (0)
0 (0)
∗Marital history
Ever married
81 (30.2)
65 (24.2)
101 (37.7)
20 (7.5)
1 (0.4)
186 (<0.0001)
Never married
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (22.2)
0 (0)
7 (77.8)
∗Current marital status
Married
17 (42.5)
13 (32.5)
7 (17.5)
3 (7.5)
—
19.7(0.002)
Separated/divorced
23 (46.0)
8 (16.0)
18 (36.0)
1 (2.0)
—
Widowed
41 (23.2)
44 (24.9)
76 (42.9)
16 (9.0)
—
∗Children
Have biological children
79 (31.0)
62 (24.3)
94 (36.9)
20 (7.8)
0 (0)
98.84 (<0.0001)
No biological children
2 (9.1)
3 (13.6)
9 (40.9)
0 (0)
8 (36.4)
Children alive
77 (30.9)
61 (24.5)
91 (36.5)
20 (8.0)
—
0.92 (0.891)
Children dead
2 (33.3)
1 (16.7)
3 (50.0)
0 (0)
Educational attainment
No formal education
80 (29.2)
64 (23.4)
103 (37.6)
19 (6.9)
8 (2.9)
9.57 (0.156)
Primary
0 (0)
1 (50.0)
0 (0)
1 (50.0)
0 (0)
Secondary
1 (100)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Employment
Not engaged in income generating work
74 (28.2)
62 (23.7)
100 (38.2)
18 (6.9)
8 (3.0)
4.27 (0.327)
Engaged in income generating work
7 (46.7)
3 (20.0)
3 (20.0)
2 (13.3)
0 (0)
∗Income
GHS 5–10
74 (31.7)
54 (22.9)
89 (37.7)
15 (6.6)
4 (1.7)
15.34 (0.025)
GHS 11–20
6 (15.4)
10 (25.6)
14 (35.9)
5 (12.8)
4 (10.3)
GHS 21–30
1 (50.0)
1 (50.0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
∗Health insurance
Insured
74 (31.4)
55 (23.3)
87 (36.9)
16 (6.8)
4 (1.7)
10.78 (0.040)
Not insured
7 (17.1)
10 (24.4)
16 (39.0)
4 (9.8)
4 (9.8)
∗Statistically significant at < 0.05. The bold values show the socio-demographic characteristics of participants that have a statistically significant association with severity of depression.
