Examining the Effects of Human Development, Unemployment, and Globalization on Obesity in the Community: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Table 1

Unit root tests results.

Countries	Variables	FADF				ADF
		Test stat; I(0)	Test stat; I(1)	K; I(0)/I(1)	F test	Test stat; I(0)	Test stat; I(1)	I(0)/I(1)
Brazil	Lnobs	−5.462	—	1	65.701	—	—	—
	Lnglo	−3.939	—	2	9.819	—	—	—
	Lnunm	−1.542	—	4	0.899	−1.615	−2.762	1/0
	Lnhdi	−1.757	—	2	0.364	−1.719	−4.470	0/0
Russia	Lnobs	4.100	—	4	1.795	2.555	−5.886	0/0
	Lnglo	−3.375	—	4	7.368	—	—	—
	Lnunm	−3.146	—	1	3.212	−1.351	−3.172	0/0
	Lnhdi	0.579	—	1	2.818	−0.198	−2.975	1/0
India	Lnobs	−0.096	−4.781	3/2	12.753	—	—	—
	Lnglo	−2.070	−3.708	1/1	14.476	—	—	—
	Lnunm	−2.290	—	3	3.118	−3.153	—	1
	Lnhdi	−0.315	—	3	5.537	−0.503	−4.070	0/1
China	Lnobs	−1.510	−3.764	4/4	40.255	—	—	—
	Lnglo	−1.941	−4.838	4/1	11.328	—	—	—
	Lnunm	−1.641	—	4	4.213	−2.905	—	1
	Lnhdi	−3.268	—	1	4.886	−3.120	—	0
South Africa	Lnobs	−3.748	—	1	38.326	—	—	—
	Lnglo	−2.271	—	1	2.269	−4.28	—	3
	Lnunm	−3.129	—	1	0.493	−1.115	−3.764	0/0
	Lnhdi	−3.161	—	1	0.968	−0.756	−3.197	2/0

Note. , , and indicate the rejection of the null hypothesis at 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels, respectively.