Examining the Effects of Human Development, Unemployment, and Globalization on Obesity in the Community: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Table 4

Fourier TY causality test results (lnobs–lnunm).

Countries	Lnobs ⟶ lnunm				Lnunm ⟶ lnobs
	Values	Prob	k		Values	Prob	k
Brazil	3.198	0.419	1	3	0.991	0.790	1	3
Russia	0.239	0.876	2	2	2.323	0.338	2	2
India	0.471	0.924	2	3	1.174	0.768	2	3
China	21.358	0.008	1	3	7.511	0.111	1	3
South Africa	1.842	0.414	2	2	3.611	0.196	2	2

Note. indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis at a 1% significance level. k and are optimal frequency and optimal lag numbers, respectively.