Examining the Effects of Human Development, Unemployment, and Globalization on Obesity in the Community: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Table 5

Fourier TY causality test results (lnobs–lnglo).

Countries	Lnobs ⟶ lnglo				Lnglo ⟶ lnobs
	Values	Prob	k		Values	Prob	k
Brazil	1.249	0.755	1	3	5.570	0.198	1	3
Russia	6.877	0.145	2	3	5.036	0.223	2	3
India	9.095	0.085	1	3	3.475	0.337	1	3
China	0.346	0.839	1	2	3.701	0.198	1	2
South Africa	7.326	0.113	3	3	6.026	0.163	3	3

Note. indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis at a 10% significance level. k and are optimal frequency and optimal lag numbers, respectively.