Examining the Effects of Human Development, Unemployment, and Globalization on Obesity in the Community: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Table 6

Literature summary for obesity.

Author(s)	Country/region	Period	Methods	Results
Devaux et al. [19]	Australia, Canada, England, and Korea	1989–2005	Correlation analysis	There is a correlation between education and obesity
Crosnoe [20]	USA	1995–2002	ANOVA	There is a relationship between gender, education, and obesity
Andreyeva et al. [21]	10 European countries	2004-2004	Multivariate regression analysis	The impacts of obesity on health are relatively consistent across nations
Aydin [22]	Ten most obese countries	1991–2016	ARDL	There is a relationship between economic growth and obesity
Giles-Corti et al. [23]	Australia	August 1995 and March 1996	Logistic regression	There is a relationship between the physical environment and obesity
Júlíusson et al. [25]	Norway	November 2003–December 2006	Logistic regression	There is a relationship between sociodemographic factors and obesity
Dinsa et al. [29]	Developing countries	1989–2007	Systematic review	There is a relationship between human development and obesity
Ataey et al. [30]	Eastern mediterranean region countries	2018-2018	Correlation analysis	There is a significant positive relationship between human development and obesity
Khazaei et al. [31]	Asian countries	2016–2016	Correlation analysis	There is a relationship between human development and obesity
Goryakin et al. [32]	56 different countries	1991–2009	Regression analysis	Social and political globalization increases obesity
Miljkovic et al. [33]	79 different countries	1986–2018	Quantile regression analysis	Social globalization has a positive and significant effect on global obesity
Fox et al. [34]	190 different countries	1980–2008	Regression analysis	Economic globalization does not significantly predict increases in obesity
Munir et al. [35]	109 different countries	1990–2017	Regression analysis	A low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity, whereas a high level of political globalization tends to decrease obesity
Härkönen et al. [14]	Global	1998–2011	Fixed-effect regression analysis	Obese women are much more likely to experience unemployment
Latif [37]	Canada	1994–2007	Fixed-effect logit regression	The likelihood of being substantially obese is significantly positively impacted by the unemployment rate
Tobing [38]	USA	2008–2011	Panel data analysis	There is a procyclical relationship between unemployment and obesity
Groves and Wilcox-Gok [39]	USA	1997–2011	Likelihood methods	The overweight and obese job seekers experienced significantly longer periods of unemployment
El-Sahli [36]	GCC countries	1975–2016	GMM estimator	There is a significant positive relationship between globalization and obesity