Development of the Healthy Aging Perspectives Questionnaire among Older Adults with Chronic Disease in Taiwan

Table 1

Demographics of the participants.

Items	Qualitative (n = 23)				Quantitative (n = 332)
	N	%	Mean	SD	N	%	Mean	SD
Age			77.5	5.5			70.8	7.8
Chronic conditions			2				1.8	0.9
Hypertension	12	52			185	56
Diabetes	10	43			158	48
Osteoarthritis	5	22			52	16
Cardiovascular disease	2	9			50	15
Hyperlipidemia	6	26			28	8
Digestive diseases	1	2			23	7
Urinary system disease	4	17			22	7
Nervous system disease					16	5
Immune system disease	2	9			13	4
Stroke	2	9			17	5
Lung disease	1	4			7	2
Endocrine disease					9	3
Other	1	4			10	3
Sex
Female	18	78.3			178	53.6
Male	5	21.7			154	46.4
Education
Junior high school and below	20	86.96			246	74.1
Senior school and above	3	13.04			86	25.9
Employed
Yes	2	8.70			113	34.0
No	21	91.30			219	66.0
Marital status
Single/widowed/divorced	3	13.04			18	5.4
Married	20	86.96			314	94.6
Income
NT 20,000 (USD = 645) and below (low income)	17	73.91			179	53.9
NT 20,000 (USD = 645) and above	6	26.09			153	46.1
Living patterns
Children	16	69.6			204	61.4
Spouse	6	26.1			114	34.3
Living alone	1	4.3			13	3.9
Residential house	0	0			1	0.3
Healthy aging perspectives questionnaire (HAPQ)							3.34	0.42
Physical and psychological changes caused by disease (PH)							2.67	0.82
Living environment changes caused by the disease (LE)							3.64	0.59
Social relationship changes caused by the disease (SR)							3.57	0.78
Changes in family life caused by the disease (FL)							3.71	0.54