Association between Light-Intensity and Moderate-to-Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Habits and Kidney Dysfunction: A General Population Cohort Study

Table 3

The Cox proportional hazards model for the risk of a 40% decrease in eGFR.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Inactive	1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)		1.0 (reference)
LPA	0.88 (0.80–0.97)	0.012	0.89 (0.81–0.98)	0.017	0.94 (0.85–1.03)	0.182
MVPA	0.86 (0.76–0.98)	0.028	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	0.137	0.97 (0.85–1.10)	0.618
LPA + MVPA	0.73 (0.67–0.80)	<0.001	0.75 (0.69–0.82)	<0.001	0.83 (0.76–0.91)	<0.001
Age (+1 year)			1.10 (1.09–1.10)	<0.001	1.07 (1.06–1.07)	<0.001
Men (vs. women)			1.16 (1.07–1.25)	<0.001	1.21 (1.10–1.32)	<0.001
Body mass index (+1 kg/m^2)					1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (+10 mmHg)					1.15 (1.12–1.17)	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (+5 mmHg)					0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.003
Current smoking (vs. no)					1.92 (1.72–2.15)	<0.001
Diabetes (vs. no)					1.53 (1.40–1.68)	<0.001
History of coronary disease (vs. no)					1.18 (1.08–1.29)	<0.001
History of stroke (vs. no)					1.24 (1.11–1.40)	<0.001
Treatment of hypertension (vs. no)					1.77 (1.63–1.92)	<0.001
eGFR (+10 mL/min/1.73 m^2)					0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.418
Proteinuria ≥1+ (vs. negative/trace)					2.91 (2.65–3.20)	<0.001
Hemoglobin (+1 g/dL)					0.78 (0.75–0.80)	<0.001
Total cholesterol (+10 mg/dL)					0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.206

Note: Model 1, unadjusted; model 2, adjusted for age and sex; model 3, adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, diabetes, history of coronary artery disease, history of stroke, treatment of hypertension, eGFR, proteinuria, and hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels.