Self-Reported Changes in Personal Development and Meaning in Life among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

Table 1

Study sample characteristics (n = 1,099).

	n (%)
Demographics
Age
Below 70 years	386 (35.1)
70–79 years	476 (43.3)
80 years or older	237 (21.6)
Sex, female	581 (52.9)
Education level
Low	320 (29.1)
Medium	444 (40.4)
High	335 (30.5)
Partner status
No partner	286 (26)
Coresiding partner	758 (69)
Partner outside household	55 (5)
Physical, psychological, and social well-being
Self-perceived health
Excellent/good	774 (77.6)
Less than good	223 (22.4)
Functional limitations
No limitation	591 (56.1)
1-2 limitations	296 (28.1)
3–7 limitations	167 (15.8)
Depressive symptoms (cut-off: ≥10)	197 (18)
Anxiety symptoms (cut-off: ≥8)	114 (10.4)
Mastery (5–25), median (IQR)	20.0 (5.0)
Emotional and/or social loneliness
Not lonely	619 (57.3)
Only emotionally lonely	178 (16.5)
Only socially lonely	143 (13.2)
Both emotionally and socially lonely	141 (13)
COVID-19-related variables
Having been in quarantine	124 (11.8)
(Probable) COVID-19 infection	24 (2.2)
Hospitalised for COVID-19	3 (0.3)
Have a family member who tested positive for COVID-19	105 (9.6)
Have a family member who was hospitalised for COVID-19	45 (4.1)
Have a family member who died from COVID-19	49 (4.5)

Note. IQR = interquartile range. Missing observations: self-perceived health 102 (9.3%), functional limitations 30 (2.7%), depressive symptoms 5 (0.5%), anxiety 7 (0.6%), mastery 32 (2.9%), loneliness 18 (1.6%), quarantine 45 (4.1%), and COVID-19 infection 22 (2.0%).