Relationship between Anemia and Academic Performance in Chinese Primary School Students: Evidence from a Large National Survey

Table 2

Comparison of test score distribution between nonanemia and anemia groups by social and demographic characteristics (China, 2018).

Test score	Variable	Group	Nonanemia group, N = 16,541 mean (SE)	Anemia group, N = 1,154 mean (SE)	t
Average test score	Subtotal	—	54.34 ± 0.18	51.04 ± 0.71	4.7788	<0.001
	Sex	Male	51.29 ± 0.26	48.34 ± 1.01	2.9845	0.003
		Female	57.70 ± 0.25	53.93 ± 0.98	4.0524	<0.001
	Age	10 years	54.69 ± 0.25	51.72 ± 0.98	3.1563	0.002
		11 years	53.98 ± 0.26	50.33 ± 1.04	3.6268	<0.001
	Hukou type	Urban region	55.52 ± 0.26	51.56 ± 1.21	3.4859	<0.001
		Rural region	53.44 ± 0.26	50.81 ± 0.88	3.0020	0.003
	Only child	Yes	56.16 ± 0.33	52.70 ± 1.48	2.4878	0.013
		No	53.84 ± 0.22	50.74 ± 0.81	3.9139	<0.001
Chinese test score	Subtotal	—	54.40 ± 0.20	51.21 ± 0.79	4.0903	<0.001
	Sex	Male	49.58 ± 0.29	46.64 ± 1.10	2.6345	0.008
		Female	59.75 ± 0.27	56.11 ± 1.10	3.5057	<0.001
	Age	10 years	54.64 ± 0.28	51.06 ± 1.08	3.3277	0.001
		11 years	54.17 ± 0.29	51.36 ± 1.15	2.4767	0.013
	Hukou type	Urban region	55.55 ± 0.30	51.79 ± 1.35	2.8520	0.004
		Rural region	53.56 ± 0.27	50.93 ± 0.97	2.6909	0.007
	Only child	Yes	55.93 ± 0.38	53.38 ± 1.72	1.5209	0.128
		No	54.02 ± 0.24	50.84 ± 0.89	3.5957	<0.001
Mathematics test score	Subtotal	—	54.47 ± 0.20	51.62 ± 0.79	3.6638	<0.001
	Sex	Male	53.86 ± 0.28	52.77 ± 1.10	0.9925	0.321
		Female	55.14 ± 0.28	50.40 ± 1.13	4.3137	<0.001
	Age	10 years	54.63 ± 0.28	51.92 ± 1.08	2.5598	0.010
		11 years	54.31 ± 0.28	51.31 ± 1.16	2.6389	0.008
	Hukou type	Urban region	55.16 ± 0.29	51.68 ± 1.32	2.6990	0.007
		Rural region	53.96 ± 0.27	51.59 ± 0.98	2.4070	0.016
	Only child	Yes	56.14 ± 0.36	51.47 ± 1.70	2.8922	0.004
		No	54.00 ± 0.24	51.75 ± 0.89	2.5376	0.011
English test score	Subtotal	—	54.10 ± 0.22	50.54 ± 0.86	4.2314	<0.001
	Sex	Male	50.18 ± 0.32	46.19 ± 1.22	3.3048	0.001
		Female	58.42 ± 0.30	55.22 ± 1.18	2.8315	0.005
	Age	10 years	55.14 ± 0.31	52.48 ± 1.18	2.3026	0.021
		11 years	53.06 ± 0.32	48.50 ± 1.26	3.7230	<0.001
	Hukou type	Urban region	55.90 ± 0.32	51.71 ± 1.42	3.0317	0.002
		Rural region	52.71 ± 0.31	50.01 ± 1.08	2.5265	0.012
	Only child	Yes	56.42 ± 0.40	53.27 ± 1.79	1.8374	0.066
		No	53.42 ± 0.27	49.91 ± 0.98	3.6296	<0.001