A Scoping Review of Income Support Programs Offered to Older Adults Living in South Asian Countries between 2000 and 2021

Table 2

Distribution of type of ISPs identified in the research literature.

	n (%)
	Observational (quantitative)	Secondary data analysis^γ	Mixed methods	Qualitative	Reviews or other	Total
(1) Pillar
Pillar 0	11 (84.6)	59 (60.2)	20 (95.2)	13 (92.9)	110 (43.7)	213 (53.5)
Pillar 1	0.0	5 (5.1)	0.0	0.0	27 (10.7)	32 (8.0)
Pillar 2	0.0	17 (17.3)	0.0	0.0	57 (22.6)	74 (18.6)
Pillar 3	2 (15.4)	14 (14.3)	0.0	0.0	45 (17.9)	61 (15.3)
Pillar 4	0.0	3 (3.1)	1 (4.8)	1 (7.1)	13 (5.2)	18 (4.5)
Total	13 (100.0)	98 (100.0)	21 (100.0)	14 (100.0)	252 (100.0)	398 (100.0)
(2) Type of scheme
Central government	11 (84.6)	75 (76.5)	19 (90.5)	14 (100.0)	184 (73.0)	303 (76.1)
State government	2 (15.4)	15 (15.3)	1 (4.8)	0.0	55 (21.8)	73 (18.3)
Other^Ψ	0.0	8 (8.2)	1 (4.8)	0.0	13 (5.2)	22 (5.5)
Total	13 (100.0)	98 (100.0)	21 (100.0)	14 (100.0)	252 (100.0)	398 (100.0)

Multiple schemes and types of schemes in a single study are counted. Number of times the type of scheme and ISP pillar reflected in the literature. Secondary data analysis^γ: included studies where secondary data (from reports and surveys) were used for analysis. Other^Ψ = schemes or policies by LIC (Life Insurance Corporation of India) and private policies and schemes sponsored by the Agricultural Insurance Board and indigenous safety net in the traditional society, which has been functional in the absence of other alternative social protection measures for senior citizens.