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| Citation | Year | Location | Methodology | Key findings | Population | Type of care |
|
| [25] | 2021 | Australia | Quantitative case study | This study looks at the prevalence of children who have dual system contact between child welfare and youth justice systems and found a high prevalence of young people with neurodisability, and child welfare system responses to this phenomenon contribute to several offending-related trends | Young people with intellectual disability | Kinship care, foster care, residential care |
| [26] | 2019 | Australia | Qualitative survey | This paper examines the experiences of young people and their families who have entered aged-care facilities as out-of-home care and found that their needs are going unmet | Young people with acquired intellectual disability | Residential aged-care |
| [27] | 2018 | Australia | Literature review | Provides a critical examination of the literature that looks at how the rights of CYP with disabilities are heard are enacted (as choice and control) within Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme | CYP with disabilities (not specified) | Family care and OOHC supported under NDIS |
| [28] | 2023 | Australia | Mixed-method longitudinal study | This study looks at children with disabilities in OOHC and how their wellbeing outcomes are associated with disadvantages from disabilities rather than placement type | CYP with disabilities (not specified) | Kinship care, foster care, adoption, residential care |
| [29] | 2014 | Australia | Qualitative interviews | The findings from this study highlight both positive and negative impacts on children and families in voluntary OOHC, finding that children tend to miss family and experience grief and loss; however, they report positive outlooks for the future if in permanent placements and have gained independent living skills | Young people with disabilities (not specified) | Respite care, foster care, residential care |
| [2] | 2023 | Australia | Literature review | This review looks at how most CYP with disabilities in OOHC have experienced trauma. However, findings indicate there is no evidence of trauma-informed care models being used in foster or kinship care | CYP with disabilities (not specified) | Kinship care, foster care |
| [30] | 2022 | International, including Australia | Literature review | This literature review looks at self-determination and independence interventions around the world that may have potential to improve children and young people with disabilities ability to express their choices | Young people with disabilities (not specified) | Not specified |
| [31] | 2020 | Australia | Case study | This study reviews a variety of data that spoke to the need for indigenous community resources as young people with disabilities lack access to adequate disability or culturally safe services that too often result in their criminalisation | Aboriginal young people with cognitive disability in remote areas | Hospital and medical, juvenile detention, residential care, adult corrections |
| [32] | 2022 | Australia | Qualitative case study | This paper looks at the dynamics of care criminalisation: how surveillance and control through policing and violence are used as responses to behaviour rather than therapeutic care for complex needs | Young people with various cognitive disabilities | Residential care |
| [33] | 2016 | Australia | Literature review | This research reviews available literature on how CYP and older people, both in need of respite care are segregated, proposing a model for intergenerational care that could have mutual benefits | CYP and elderly people with disabilities (not specified) | Respite care, childcare and aged care |
| [34] | 2021 | Australia | Qualitative interviews | This study looks at children and young people with disabilities in OOHC and their definitions and experiences of safety | CYP with intellectual disabilities | Institutional and residential care |
| [5] | 2023 | Australia | Scoping review | This paper synthesises literature on children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their experiences of child protection and OOHC to understand what is known. Findings indicate increased risk of entering child protection and out-of-home care system and placement failure was a common theme with residential care | CYP with intellectual and developmental disabilities | Kinship care, foster care, institutional care, residential care, alternative care |
| [35] | 2015 | Australia, US, UK, Canada, China, Netherlands | Literature review | This review covers international material related to stability and permanence for disabled children who have been removed from their parents. Finding that they are less likely to be placed in permanent homes due to high needs and lack of support | CYP with disabilities (not specified) | Foster care, adoption |
| [36] | 2015 | Australia | Qualitative interviews and focus groups | This paper looks at OOHC options in rural areas where resources are scarce for people with disabilities. Findings show a lack of services that means CYP and adults with disabilities end up in psychiatric hospitals. Research calls out the need for collaborative approaches to care | Carers of people (including CYP) with intellectual or developmental disabilities | Kinship care, psychiatric hospitals |
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