Gender Gaps in Strategies for Maintaining the Social Participation and Interaction of Older Adults with People in a Local Community
Table 1
Subjects’ attributes.
Characteristics
Category
All data ()
Male ()
Female ()
Age, mean (SD)
75.6
(5.7)
73.4
(6.4)
75.9
(5.0)
n.s.
Disease and disorder, n (%)
Yes
81
(63.8)
44
(68.8)
40
(60.6)
n.s.
Degree of need for nursing care, n (%)
N/A
119
(93.7)
58
(90.6)
61
(92.4)
n.s.
Support needed 1
6
(4.7)
3
(4.7)
3
(4.5)
Support needed 2
2
(1.6)
1
(1.6)
1
(1.5)
Number of family members who live with the subjects, n (%)
0.00
17
(13.4)
4
(6.3)
14
(21.2)
n.s.
1.00
61
(48.0)
37
(57.8)
24
(36.4)
2.00
22
(17.3)
11
(17.2)
11
(16.7)
3.00
15
(11.8)
6
(9.4)
10
(15.2)
4.00
7
(5.5)
4
(6.3)
3
(4.5)
5.00
4
(3.1)
2
(3.1)
3
(4.5)
6.00
1
(0.8)
0
(0.0)
1
(1.5)
Final academic background, n (%)
Junior high school graduate
12
(9.4)
3
(4.7)
9
(13.6)
High school graduate
82
(64.6)
38
(59.4)
41
(62.1)
University graduate
33
(26.0)
23
(35.9)
11
(16.7)
Paid job, n (%)
Yes
25
(19.7)
13
(20.3)
12
(18.2)
n.s.
Economic condition, n (%)
Have enough money
5
(3.9)
2
(3.1)
3
(4.5)
n.s.
Have slightly enough money
90
(70.9)
42
(65.6)
49
(74.2)
Do not have much money
28
(22.0)
19
(29.7)
10
(15.2)
Do not have enough money
4
(3.1)
1
(1.6)
4
(6.1)
Driving, n (%)
Yes
78
(61.4)
55
(85.9)
25
(37.9)
Hobby, n (%)
Yes
119
(93.7)
60
(93.8)
62
(93.9)
n.s.
Self-restraint for outings, n (%)
Restraint for outings is strong
48
(37.8)
22
(34.4)
28
(42.4)
n.s.
Restraint for outings is minimal.
66
(52.0)
36
(56.3)
31
(47.0)
Do not restrain for outings much
10
(7.9)
5
(7.8)
5
(7.6)
Do not restrain for outings at all
3
(2.4)
1
(1.6)
2
(3.0)
LSNS-6, mean (SD)
16.1
(5.8)
15.2
(5.9)
17.0
(5.6)
n.s.
SARDS, mean (SD)
51.2
(10.8)
49.7
(11.3)
52.3
(10.1)
n.s.
SOC-13, mean (SD)
63.7
(10.8)
63.1
(9.8)
64.3
(11.8)
n.s.
SOPI, mean (SD)
69.6
(20.5)
66.9
(21.7)
72.2
(19.1)
n.s.
SARDS: social activities related to daily life satisfaction for the elderly; SOC-13: sense of coherence-13; LSNS-6: Japanese version Lubben Social Network Scale short version; SOPI: self-completed occupational performance index. .
