Loneliness or Sociability: The Impact of Social Participation on the Mental Health of the Elderly Living Alone

Table 3

The effect of social participation on the mental health of the elderly living alone.

Variables		Degree of depression	Anxiety level
Add “reasons for living alone”
Social participation	Simple interaction class	−0.237	−0.202
	Fitness exercise class	0.148	−0.075
	Self-entertainment class	0.451	0.195
	Organization group class	0.024	0.155
	Family care class	−0.040	0.070
	Intellectual participation class	0.256	0.147
Increase “cognitive ability”
Social participation	Simple interaction class	−0.306	−0.233
	Fitness exercise class	0.117	−0.037
	Self-entertainment class	0.477	0.277
	Organization group class	0.065	0.048
	Family care class	0.088	0.152
	Intellectual participation class	0.116	0.034

Note., , and significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.