Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Turkish Adults under Probation

Table 2

Sociodemographic, illicit substance use, and psychological characteristics associated with compensation behaviors.

	Individuals under probation		Compensation behaviors
	n	%	YCI mean score ± SD or mean rank
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age				0.222
18–25	127	42.3	153.74 ± 34.0
26–35	129	43.0	154.47 ± 28.23
36+	44	17.7	145.30 ± 31.26
Level of education				0.43
Primary school	39	13.0	154.56 ± 28.64
Middle school	119	39.7	155.87 ± 32.60
High school-associate degree	109	36.3	150.32 ± 30.84
Undergraduate-graduate	33	11.0	147.94 ± 30.94
Marital status				0.215
Single	206	68.7	154.18 ± 30.70
Married	75	25.0	147.63 ± 33.50
Divorced/separated/widowed	19	6.3	158.47 ± 27.24
Occupation^b				0.885
Worker	170	56.7	146.98
Officer	3	1.0	145.33
Tradesmen	45	15.0	166.94
Irregular/casual work	10	3.3	145.85
Unemployed	29	9.7	150.50
Self-employment	11	3.7	134.55
Student	32	10.7	153.50
Income level				0.565
0–1500 TL	51	17.0	156.73 ± 33.32
1501–2500 TL	77	25.7	148.18 ± 31.36
2501–3500 TL	99	33.0	154.49 ± 31.05
3501–5000 TL	43	14.3	154.05 ± 29.65
5001 TL above	30	10.0	150.73 ± 31.09
Characteristics of illicit substance use
Amount of cigarette use				0.001
Never	32	10.7	154.19 ± 31.73
1–10 cigarettes	89	29.7	142.28 ± 29.49
11–20 cigarettes	152	50.7	157.09 ± 31.11
21+	27	9.0	161.81 ± 30.24
Age of illicit substance use initiation				0.011
18	147	49.0	158.07 ± 29.41
19–25	113	37.7	149.06 ± 33.07
26+	40	13.3	144.10 ± 30.01
Frequency of illicit substance use				0.001
Never ever	15	5.0	143.80 ± 23.39
A few days a year	110	36.7	144.95 ± 30.38
A few days a month and more often	175	58.3	158.53 ± 31.31
Illicit substance treatment history				0.356
Never	272	90.7	152.02 ± 30.97
1 time	18	6.0	162.44 ± 31.39
2 times	10	3.3	157.10 ± 39.26
Maternal alcohol use				0.010
A few days a week	7	2.3	156.0 ± 39.09
A few days a month	13	4.3	155.08 ± 25.45
A few days a year	39	13.0	137.23 ± 26.36
Never	241	80.3	155.12 ± 31.51
Illicit substance use of the father				0.210
Yes	8	2.7	166.50 ± 22.49
No	292	97.3	152.44 ± 31.43
Legal characteristics
Number of probation measure				0.043
Never	215	71.7	150.64 ± 30.72
1 time	54	18.0	154.17 ± 30.97
2 times or more	31	10.3	165.55 ± 33.47
Number of convictions in prison				0.159
Never	245	81.7	151.21 ± 30.60
1 time	33	11.0	158.58 ± 35.72
2 times	22	7.3	162.05 ± 30.60
Psychological characteristics
Self-harm				0.292
Never	235	78.3	151.43 ± 30.90
1 time	26	8.7	154.96 ± 33.43
2 times or more	39	13.0	159.69 ± 31.94
History of psychiatric treatment				0.160
Yes	78	26.0	157.1 ± 32.05
No	222	74.0	151.31 ± 30.94
Violence in childhood				0.001
Yes	89	29.7	161.60 ± 30.52
No	211	70.3	149.11 ± 30.93
Experiencing physical violence in childhood^a (n = 89)				0.168
Yes	64	21.3	47.36
No	25	78.7	38.96

Note.^aMann–Whitney-U, ^bKruskal–Wallis, mean rank scores are given instead of mean scores. ; . YCI: Young Compensation Inventory; SD: standard deviation.