Research Article

RNA Panel Sequencing Is an Effective Tool to Help Classify Splice Variants for Clinical Oncogenetic Diagnosis

Table 2

Summary of the 53 variants studied by our targeted RNA panel.

GeneVariantp.Splice prediction SpIP v2.1Splice prediction SpliceAI v1.3Splice effect
RNA panel
Splice effect
Other criteria
r.NMD exclusionACMG criteriaVariant classification

APCc.7500G>Ap.(Gln2500=)Alter by creating de novo splice site 05.56% [01.91%-15.11%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.01; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.7500G>A; p.(Gln2500=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
ATMc.2922-2A>Gp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.50; AL: 0.98; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.01Acceptor site modificationConfirmed by RT-PCRr.2922_2953del;
p.(Asn975Cysfs3)
/PM2, PVS14
ATMc.7896C>Tp.(Asn2632=)NTR 07.62% [04.42%-12.08%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.01NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.7896C>T; p.(Asn2632=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP4, BP7_S2
ATMc.4909+3G>Ap.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
85.91% [79.27%-91.06%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.35; DL: 0.14NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, PP3, BP7_S2
ATMc.2377-6T>Ap.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
30.67% [23.41%-38.71%]
AG: 0.04; AL: 0.03; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=/PM2, BP7_S2
ATMc.8671+2_8671+3insTAp.?NANAExon 59 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCR
Co-segregation with breast cancer (29)
r.8585_8671del; p.(Val2862_Leu2890del)/PM2, PP1, PVS15
ATMc.7785T>Cp.(Asp2595=)NTR
05.05% [02.45%-09.09%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 0.00Normal/r.7785T>C; p.(Asp2595=)/PM2, BP7_S2
ATMc.2679A>Gp.(Gln893=)Alteration of an exonic splicing regulatory element
35.81% [28.11%-44.1%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.01; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.2679A>G; p.(Gln893=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
ATMc.2124+1G>Tp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.02; DL: 1.00Exon 13 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCRr.1899_2124del; p.(Cys633)/PM2, PVS14
ATMc.2839-1G>Tp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.29; AL: 0.89; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Cryptic acceptor site creationConfirmed by RT-PCR
Identified in AT patient
r.2839_2856del; p.(Tyr947_Lys952del)/PM2, PVS1_M, PM34
ATMc.8010+30insN[?]p.?NANAPartial exon 54 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCRp.?/PM2, PVS1_NA3
ATMc.3078-30_3078-27delp.?Alter BP 42.50% [32.25%-53.43%]AG: 0.03; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=No heterozygous variantPM2, BP7_NA3
ATMc.7375C>Gp.(Arg2459Gly)Alter ESR 35.81% [28.11%-44.1%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.14; DL: 0.01Normal/r.7375C>G; p.(Arg2459Gly)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_NA3
BAP1c.720G>Ap.(Lys240=)NTR 05.46% [04.02%-07.38%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.11; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.01Normal/r.720G>A; p.(Lys240=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
BAP1c.-9C>Ap.?Alter ESR 30.18% [25.47%-35.35%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.01; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
BRCA1c.2518A>Tp.(Ser840Cys)NTR 01.24% [00.71%-02.15%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.2518A>T; p.(Ser840Cys)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_NA3
BRCA2c.9648+1G>Ap.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 1.00Exon 26 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCR and mini-gener.9502_9648del; p.(Asn3168_Leu3216del)/PM2, PVS1_M3
BRCA2c.8332-28A>Gp.?Alteration of the branch point
23.61% [16.94%-31.4%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
BRCA2c.7670C>Tp.(Ala2557Val)NTR 07.81 % [04.44%-12.56%]
(SpIP v1: alter ESR 28.87% [24.29%-33.93%])
AG: 0.04; AL: 0.02; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.18Normal/r.7670C>T; p.(Ala2557Val)/PM2, BP7_NA3
BRCA2c.7524C>Tp.(Gly2508=)NTR 07.8% [04.53%-12.37%]
(SpIP v1: alter ESR + alter by creating de novo splice site 28.87% [24.29%-33.93%])
AG: 0.06; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.06; DL: 0.00Normal/r.7524C>T; p.(Gly2508=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
BRCA2c.68-8_68-7delinsAAp.?NANAPartial exon 3 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCRp.?/PM2, PVS1_NA3
BRCA2c.6842-8_6842-7delp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.43; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Total exon 12 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCRr.6842_6937del; p.(Glu2282_Gly2313del)/PM2, PVS1_M3
CDH1c.1901C>Tp.(Ala634Val)+ Creation of a new splice of an exonic splicing regulatory element 98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.91; DL: 0.53Cryptic donor site creationConfirmed in bibliography (13)r.1900_1936del; p.(Ala634Profs)/PM2, PVS1, PP55
CDH1c.906C>Tp.(Tyr302=)NTR
07.8% [04.53%-12.37%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 0.00Normal/r.906C>T; p.(Tyr302=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
CHEK2c.846+4_846+7delp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.98 (8)Exons 7_8 skipping + exon 7 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCR
Confirmed in bibliography (30,31)
r.793_908del; p.(Asp265Alafs7)
r.793_846del; p.(265_282del)
/PM2, PVS1, PS35
CHEK2c.538C>Tp.(Arg180Cys)Alteration of an exonic splicing regulatory element
35.81% [28.11%-44.1%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.538C>T; p.(Arg180Cys)/PM2, BP7_NA3
FLCNc.-113-1G>Ap?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.42; AL: 0.95; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Exon 3 skipping (5'UTR)/r.-113_-25del; p.?/PM2, PVS1_NA3
MLH1c.791-489_791-20delp.?Alter by creating cryptic 36.17% [26.46%-45.88%]NAPartial exon 10 skippingRT-PCR : partial exon 10 skipping
Mini-gene : total exon 10 skipping
r.791_884del ; p.(His264Leufs2)No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1_S, PP4, PP14
MLH1c.306+5G>Tp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site 98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.12; DL: 0.79Cryptic donor site creationRT-PCR: partial effect
Mini-gene: total effect
r.302_306del; p.(Glu102Phefs18)No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1, PM55
MLH1c.882C>Gp.(Leu294=)Alteration of the consensus splice site
85.91% [79.27%-91.06%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.05Partial exon 10 skippingPartial effect confirmed by RT-PCR
Partial effect confirmed by mini-gene in bibliography (12)
p.?/PM2, PVS1_NA3
MLH1c.117-16_117-15delp.?Alteration of the polypyrimidine tract (-20 to -18) 23.61% [16.94%-31.4%)AG: 0.00; AL: 0.02; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
MLH1c.1897-42C>Tp.?Alteration of the branch point 43.04% [35.2%-51.14%]
AG:0.03; AL:0.00;DG:0.00;DL:0.00
AG: 0.03; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
MSH2c.793G>Ap.(Val265Ile)Alteration of the consensus splice site
35.81% [28.11%-44.1%]
AG: 0.03; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.793G>A; p.(Val265Ile)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_NA3
MSH6c.3537C>Gp.(Ala1179=)NTR 08.25% [04.79%-13.05%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.3537C>G; p.(Ala1179=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
MSH6c.3173-22C>Gp.?Alter BP
13.87% [08.56%-20.81%]
AG: 0.01; AL: 0.03; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
MSH6c.153C>Tp.(Ser51=)NTR 03.43% [01.39%-06.94%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.153C>T; p.(Ser51=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
MUTYHc.1103-27C>Tp.?Alter BP 98.11% [94.59%-99.61%]AG: 0.01; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
NF1c.731-8delp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
23.61% [16.94%-31.4%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=No heterozygous variantPM2, BP7_NA3
NF1c.2252-16delp.?NTR 05.74% [02.81%-11.37%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.03; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
NF2c.1122+6T>Cp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96 %]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.01NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.=No heterozygous variantPM2, BP7_NA3
NF2c.1000-7C>Gp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
30.67% [23.41%-38.71%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=No heterozygous variantPM2, BP7_NA3
PALB2c.2379C>Tp.(Gly793=)NTR 03.48% [01.41%-07.04%]AG: 0.01; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.66; DL: 0.00Normal/r.2379C>T; p.(Gly793=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
PMS2c.23+1G>Tp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.37; DL: 0.99Intronic retentionRT-PCR failure (pseudogene)
Tumor PMS2 loss
r.?; p.?No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1, PP45
PMS2c.1004A>Gp.(Asn335Ser)NTR
09.76% [06.06%-14.67%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 0.00Normal/r.1004A>G; p.(Asn335Ser)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_NA3
PMS2c.803+5G>Ap.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 0.98Partial crytic acceptor site use (r.762_803del)Confirmed by RT-PCRr.?; p.?No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1_NA3
POLEc.5678+6G>Ap.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
30.67% [23.41%-38.71%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00NormalConfirmed by RT-PCRr.=Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
PTENc.209+6T>Gp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.54% [94.83%-99.82%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.77; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.85Exon 3 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCR and mini-gener.165_209del; p.(Arg55_Leu70delinsSer)No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS14
RAD51Cc.1026+5_1026+7delp.?Alteration of the consensus splice site
98.54% [94.83%-99.82 %]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.09; DL: 0.88Exon 8 skippingConfirmed by RT-PCRr.966_1026del; p.(Arg322Serfs22)No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1, PP55
RAD51Cc.513C>Tp.(Asp171=)NTR 04.35% [02.01 %-08.09%]AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.513C>T; p.(Asp171=)Heterozygous variant in RNAPM2, BP7_S2
SDHAc.762_770+17delp.(Ala255_Gly257del)Alteration of the consensus splice of an exonic splicing regulatory element
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
NAMultiple complex alterations/r.?; p.?/PM2, PVS14
SDHBc.541-27T>Gp.?NTR
09.76% [06.06%-14.67%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1_NA3
SDHCc.19A>Gp.(Arg7Gly)+ Alteration of the consensus splice of an exonic splicing regulatory element
98.41% [91.47%-99.96%]
AG: 0.00; AL: 0.00; DG: 0.01; DL: 0.66Partial intronic retentionr.?; p.?/PM2, PVS1_M3
TMEM127c.-112G>Tp.?NTR
04.63% [02.81%-07.14%]
AG: 0.01; AL: 0.17; DG: 0.00; DL: 0.00Normal/r.=No heterozygous variantPM2, PVS1_NA3

Abbreviations: AG: acceptor gain; AL: acceptor loss; DG: donor gain; DL: donor loss; NTR: nothing to report; BP: branch point; AT: ataxia telangiectasia [12, 29ā€“31].