Research Article
BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia
Table 4
Factors associated with HPV persistence and reinfection in HIV positive women.
| | HPV Persistence | p-value | HPV Reinfection | | Overall (N =190) | | No (N =153) | Yes (N =37) | p-value | No (N =179) | Yes (N =11) | p-value | Overall (N =190) |
| | A. vaginae | | | p =0.002 | | | p =0.069 | | | Negative | 47 (30.7%) | 2 (5.4%) | | 49 (27.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | | 49 (25.8%) | | Positive | 106 (69.3%) | 35 (94.6%) | | 130 (72.6%) | 11 (100.0%) | | 141 (74.2%) | | BVAB 1 | | | p =0.026 | | | p =0.125 | | | Negative | 38 (24.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | | 41 (22.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | | 41 (21.6%) | | Positive | 115 (75.2%) | 34 (91.9%) | | 138 (77.1%) | 11 (100.0%) | | 149 (78.4%) | | BVAB 2 | | | p =0.156 | | | p =0.762 | | | Negative | 94 (61.4%) | 18 (48.6%) | | 106 (59.2%) | 6 (54.5%) | | 112 (58.9%) | | Positive | 59 (38.6%) | 19 (51.4%) | | 73 (40.8%) | 5 (45.5%) | | 78 (41.1%) | | BVAB 3 | | | p =0.112 | | | p =0.010 | | | Negative | 76 (49.7%) | 13 (35.1%) | | 88 (49.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 89 (46.8%) | | Positive | 77 (50.3%) | 24 (64.9%) | | 91 (50.8%) | 10 (90.9%) | | 101 (53.2%) | | Lactobacillus spp | | | p =0.637 | | | p =0.693 | | | Negative | 30 (19.6%) | 6 (16.2%) | | 35 (19.6%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 36 (18.9%) | | Positive | 123 (80.4%) | 31 (83.8%) | | 144 (80.4%) | 10 (90.9%) | | 154 (81.1%) | | S. sanguinegens | | | p =0.075 | | | p =0.177 | | | Negative | 52 (34.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | | 58 (32.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 59 (31.1%) | | Positive | 101 (66.0%) | 30 (81.1%) | | 121 (67.6%) | 10 (90.9%) | | 131 (68.9%) | | HPV P16 | | | p =0.021 | | | p =0.031 | | | Negative | 139 (90.8%) | 28 (75.7%) | | 160 (89.4%) | 7 (63.6%) | | 167 (87.9%) | | Positive | 14 (9.2%) | 9 (24.3%) | | 19 (10.6%) | 4 (36.4%) | | 23 (12.1%) | | HPV P18_45 | | | p =0.013 | | | p =0.193 | | | Negative | 136 (88.9%) | 27 (73.0%) | | 155 (86.6%) | 8 (72.7%) | | 163 (85.8%) | | Positive | 17 (11.1%) | 10 (27.0%) | | 24 (13.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | | 27 (14.2%) | | HPV group P3 | | | p <0.001 | | | p =0.190 | | | Negative | 113 (73.9%) | 12 (32.4%) | | 120 (67.0%) | 5 (45.5%) | | 125 (65.8%) | | Positive | 40 (26.1%) | 25 (67.6%) | | 59 (33.0%) | 6 (54.5%) | | 65 (34.2%) | | HPV group P4 | | | p =0.003 | | | p =0.120 | | | Negative | 141 (92.2%) | 27 (73.0%) | | 160 (89.4%) | 8 (72.7%) | | 168 (88.4%) | | Positive | 12 (7.8%) | 10 (27.0%) | | 19 (10.6%) | 3 (27.3%) | | 22 (11.6%) | | HPV group P5 | | | p <0.001 | | | p =0.235 | | | Negative | 134 (87.6%) | 18 (48.6%) | | 145 (81.0%) | 7 (63.6%) | | 152 (80.0%) | | Positive | 19 (12.4%) | 19 (51.4%) | | 34 (19.0%) | 4 (36.4%) | | 38 (20.0%) | | Age | | | p =0.379 | | | p =0.099 | | | Mean ± SD(CV%) | 40.2 ± 8.15
(20.3) | 38.9 ± 8.96
(23.0) | | 40.2 ± 8.29(20.6) | 35.6 ± 7.65(21.5) | | 39.9 ± 8.31(20.8) | | Median(Q1-Q3) | 41.0(33.0-46.0) | 39.0(31.0-45.0) | | 41.0(33.0-46.5) | 37.0(28.5-43.0) | | 40.5(33.0-46.0) | | Min-Max | 24.0-54.0 | 25.0-54.0 | | 24.0-54.0 | 25.0-44.0 | | 24.0-54.0 | | Gravida | | | p =0.017 | | | p =0.143 | | | 0 | 8 (5.2%) | 4 (10.8%) | | 10 (5.6%) | 2 (18.2%) | | 12 (6.3%) | | 1 | 39 (25.5%) | 18 (48.6%) | | 51 (28.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | | 57 (30.0%) | | 2 | 46 (30.1%) | 10 (27.0%) | | 55 (30.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 56 (29.5%) | | 3 | 29 (19.0%) | 3 (8.1%) | | 31 (17.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 32 (16.8%) | | 4 | 16 (10.5%) | 2 (5.4%) | | 17 (9.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | | 18 (9.5%) | | 5+ | 15 (9.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | | 15 (8.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | | 15 (7.9%) | | No. of lifetime sexual partners | | | p =0.355 | | | p =0.288 | | | Mean ± SD(CV%) | 3.38 ± 1.95(57.6) | 3.21 ± 2.27(70.7) | | 3.29 ± 1.97(60.0) | 4.09 ± 2.51(61.3) | | 3.35 ± 2.02(60.2) | | Median(Q1-Q3) | 3.00(2.00-4.00) | 3.00(1.25-4.00) | | 3.00(2.00-4.00) | 4.00(2.50-5.00) | | 3.00(2.00-4.00) | | Min-Max | 1.00-10.0 | 1.00-10.0 | | 1.00-10.0 | 1.00-10.0 | | 1.00-10.0 | | No of sex partners in past 12 months | | | p =0.441 | | | p =0.829 | | | Mean ± SD(CV%) | 0.890 ± 0.600(67.4) | 0.800 ± 0.473(59.1) | | 0.876 ± 0.588(67.1) | 0.818 ± 0.405(49.4) | | 0.873 ± 0.578(66.2) | | Median(Q1-Q3) | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | | Min-Max | 0-6.00 | 0-2.00 | | 0-6.00 | 0-1.00 | | 0-6.00 | | Having a regular partner | | | p =0.197 | | | p =0.752 | | | No | 49 (32.0%) | 16 (43.2%) | | 62 (34.6%) | 3 (27.3%) | | 65 (34.2%) | | Yes | 104 (68.0%) | 21 (56.8%) | | 117 (65.4%) | 8 (72.7%) | | 125 (65.8%) | | Time on HAART (years) | | | p =0.425 | | | p =0.689 | | | Mean ± SD(CV%) | 6.72 ± 4.74(70.5) | 7.51 ± 5.16(68.7) | | 6.90 ± 4.80(69.5) | 6.45 ± 5.41(83.8) | | 6.88 ± 4.82(70.1) | | Median(Q1-Q3) | 6.00(3.00-10.0) | 8.00(2.00-11.0) | | 6.00(3.00-10.0) | 7.00(1.50-10.0) | | 6.00(3.00-10.0) | | Min-Max | 0-24.0 | 0-18.0 | | 0-24.0 | 0-15.0 | | 0-24.0 | | No. of years since HIV diagnosis | | | p =0.830 | | | p =0.417 | | | Mean ± SD(CV%) | 8.02 ± 5.31(66.3) | 7.97 ± 5.86(73.5) | | 8.09 ± 5.40(66.7) | 6.73 ± 5.66(84.1) | | 8.01 ± 5.41(67.5) | | Median(Q1-Q3) | 8.00(3.00-12.0) | 8.00(2.00-11.0) | | 8.00(3.00-12.0) | 7.00(1.50-10.5) | | 8.00(3.00-12.0) | | Min-Max | 0-26.0 | 0-23.0 | | 0-26.0 | 0-16.0 | | 0-26.0 |
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