VdaBSC: A Novel Vulnerability Detection Approach for Blockchain Smart Contract by Dynamic Analysis

Table 8

Ablation study for the proposed model.

Configuration	Accuracy (%)	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	F1-score (%)
Full model	96.5	96.0	95.8	95.9
w/o Runtime batch normalization	94.2	93.8	93.6	93.7
w/o Data augmentation	93.5	93.1	92.9	93.0
w/o BiLSTM	92.8	92.4	92.2	92.3
w/o CNN	91.9	91.5	91.3	91.4
w/o Attention mechanism	90.7	90.3	90.1	90.2
w/o Memory module	89.6	89.2	89.0	89.1