Effect of Intercropping Beans with Maize and Botanical Extract on Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation

Table 1

Laboratory bioassay of five concentrations of the West African black pepper extract against fall armyworm (FAW).

Concentrations of Piper emulsion (ml)	Time-dependent FAW mortality (minutes)						Cumulative FAW mortality
	20	40	60	80	100	120
0.007	0	4	2	−	−	−	6
0.005	0	2	4	−	−	−	6
0.004	0	2	4	−	−	−	6
0.003	0	2	4	−	−	−	6
0.001	0	0	0	2	0	4	6
0 (tap water)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

FAW larval mortality in relation to tap water as the control.